Calculating sleep - To get data from the watch, you also need to give it at least four hours of sleep to work with per night. You can set separate schedules for weekdays, weekends, or any other days you have special ...

 
There are three ways to use this calculator to generate your custom bedtime duration. Option 1: input the time you need to wake up. The tool will then provide you with recommended bedtimes. Option 2: input when you’d like to go to bed later that night, and the tool will give you recommended wake-up times. Option 3: input that you’d like to .... Mature ladies dating site

To that end, calculating the difference between TIB and DSE yields the amount of non-sleep related activity in bed, a variable with relevance to conditioning models of insomnia. 17 Using the hypothetical sleep diary data described above, TIB − DSE = 75 minutes, indicating that 75 minutes were spent in bed engaged in non-sleep related activity. Our 90 minute sleep cycle calculator is the perfect tool to know how long you should sleep to wake up at the end of a sleep cycle. This tool takes into account how long you take to fall asleep and your regular wake-up time. We've paired this calculator with a short text, describing: The best times to sleep and wake up based on your needs.How to Calculate Sleep Efficiency? The following steps outline how to calculate the Sleep Efficiency. First, determine the total time asleep (hrs). Next, … A wrapper that allows for calculation of Sleep Regularity Index (SRI) scores from accelerometer data (.csv format). Input location of .csv accelerometer files. Function outputs files and folders containing SRI scores, raster plots, sleep-wake vectors, GGIR sleep-wake predictions, miscalculated nights, down-sampled files, and non-wear data. Limitations of Sleep Efficiency Calculation Accuracy. Sleep Interruptions: Factors like waking up during the night can impact accuracy. Subjectivity: Self-assessment may not provide a true reflection of sleep quality. Device Dependence: Sleep monitor-based methods rely on the use of tracking devices. Alternative Methods for Measuring Sleep ...What Time Should I Go To Bed? To exactly know your bedtime as per your schedule, enter your wake time in the sleep time calculator. It will instantly suggest different bedtimes …On the other hand, more evidence is needed investigating sleep in adolescents using polysomnography (i.e., the current gold standard for measuring sleep, which measures physiologic parameters of ...Our sleep calculator for babies and kids is super easy to use: Simply enter what time you want your kiddo to wake up in the morning, and the calculator will tell you a good bedtime range so they can complete a certain amount of sleep cycles and get a healthy bout of shut-eye. Parents: Make sure to check out our sleep calculator app for adults, too.We compared our two-stage findings from the proposed sensor system and the ActiWatch to that of five previous studies using wireless, wearable sensors to automatically detect sleep and wake (Table ...The study examined sleep stage measurement and accuracy in measuring sleep efficiency and latency. The results were interesting. The study had 75 participants and was conducted independently in ...HypnosPy is a device-agnostic, open-source Python software library for the analysis and visualization of circadian rhythms and sleep using wearable sensors. HypnosPy centralizes most well-established algorithms for the analysis of sleep and circadian rhythms and provides ease of use while supporting a wide array of devices.5 days ago · 85% to 89%. Great result! When you are in bed you are spending most of your time asleep. My sleep prescription: set bedtime for this week should be unchanged. 70% to 84%. Some opportunity for improvement. Ideally, you should be spending a larger proportion of your time in bed asleep. To that end, calculating the difference between TIB and DSE yields the amount of non-sleep related activity in bed, a variable with relevance to conditioning models of insomnia. 17 Using the hypothetical sleep diary data described above, TIB − DSE = 75 minutes, indicating that 75 minutes were spent in bed engaged in non-sleep related activity.There are three ways to use this calculator to generate your custom bedtime duration. Option 1: input the time you need to wake up. The tool will then provide you with recommended bedtimes. Option 2: input when you’d like to go to bed later that night, and the tool will give you recommended wake-up times. Option 3: input that you’d like to ... Parasomnias (or Sleep Events) Bedwetting. Confusional Arousals. Exploding Head Syndrome. Nightmares. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Sleep Eating Disorder. Sleep Hallucinations. The Bedtime Calculator is based on the sleep duration recommendations of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine for children and adults. Aug 3, 2018 · In college students, insufficient and poor sleep quality exacerbate physical and mental health concerns. Specifically, inadequate sleep has been shown to decrease their immune function, increase the expression of underlying psychological disorders (particularly anxiety and mood disorders), increase motor vehicle accident risk, and increase other risk-taking behaviors like unsafe sex and ... Inadequate and nonrestorative sleep increases accident frequency, drug use, health care utilization, and depression and anxiety symptoms.20,41 As such, addressing sleep problems early in a student ...Apr 21, 2022 · You may need eight hours but get only seven, or even less. To calculate your sleep debt, add up the number of sleep hours lost every week. This number represents the total hours you need to add to the time you spend sleeping each week. Use the Sleepopolis Sleep Debt Calculator to find out how much sleep debt you have accumulated and how to get ... An estimated one in three people report regular sleep complaints. So it’s hardly surprising people are more concerned than ever about getting enough sleep. This blossoming interest has seen an ...Foxes typically sleep in dens, especially when they have their young. There are exceptions of course, as some males will sleep in the open when it is mating season. Often, foxes wi...BMR Calculator. About Sleep Calculator. Welcome to the Sleep Calculator. It's a free tool to estimate what time is best for wake up or sleep. Also, it gives multiple sleep or wake …Sleep efficiency = sleep duration ÷ bed duration = 6.7 hrs ÷ 10 hrs = 0.67 = 67% Shown as a diagram: The sleep situation in the example: Subtract the Awake times to leave the Sleep times (sleep duration) A Sleep efficiency = time sleeping ÷ time in bed = 6.7 hrs ÷ 10 hrs = 0.67 = 67% T im e in B e d G e t toA wsalkeee Ap s l e p1 2Buy "Insomnia sharpens your math skills because you spend all night calculating how much sleep you'll get if you're able to 'fall asleep right now" by .....Some people are considered "short sleepers" and can get by with less sleep than the rest of us. But here's what sleep deprivation looks like and why it's so important to get enough...Abstract. Despite being used commonly in sleep medicine, the term “sleep quality” has not been rigorously defined. The purpose of this article is to consider objective measures of the subjective “sleep quality” experience. In order to do so, it was necessary to choose a definition of “sleep quality” as a basis for discussion.Sleep efficiency = sleep duration ÷ bed duration = 6.7 hrs ÷ 10 hrs = 0.67 = 67% Shown as a diagram: The sleep situation in the example: Subtract the Awake times to leave the Sleep times (sleep duration) A Sleep efficiency = time sleeping ÷ time in bed = 6.7 hrs ÷ 10 hrs = 0.67 = 67% T im e in B e d G e t toA wsalkeee Ap s l e p1 2You need to provide some example data consisting of the patient identifier and time variable. Assuming that these are named patient_id and date in your data set, you can copy and paste the result of the following:Feb 22, 2024 · Sleep debt is calculated by subtracting the amount of sleep you’ve had recently from the amount of sleep you need. If you’ve had less sleep than you need, you’ll have sleep debt. At RISE, we calculate your sleep debt over the past 14 nights. But we don’t just add up the hours of sleep you’ve lost. Studies have shown that humans need 6.5 and 8 hours of sleep to avoid detrimental effects on daytime function (again, an average). Let's say that you calculate that you need 9 hours of sleep. Every night that you get 7 hours of sleep, you will be sleep deprived by 2 hours. It is easy to understand how important it is to determine your own …4 days ago · While sleeping, our brains go through several sleep cycles. An average person needs 5-6 cycles to feel fully regenerated in the morning. One sleep cycle lasts around 90 minutes and consists of 4 (sometimes 5) stages: the first three stages are non-REM stages, where stage 1 and 2 are known as light sleep stages, stage 3 (or 3 and 4) is the deep sleep stage, and the last one is REM (rapid eye ... Limitations of Sleep Efficiency Calculation Accuracy. Sleep Interruptions: Factors like waking up during the night can impact accuracy. Subjectivity: Self-assessment may not provide a true reflection of sleep quality. Device Dependence: Sleep monitor-based methods rely on the use of tracking devices. Alternative Methods for Measuring Sleep ... Apr 17, 2021 · These metrics can also be more readily applied to data other than sleep; for example, calculating CPD when the timing but not duration of events is known, such as repeated cognitive performance, fatigue ratings, or caloric intake diaries . Studies using daily-value metrics need to make a priori assumptions about where variability is expected or ... Defining “Sleep Quality”: No Standard Definition. Overall summary of sleep. May include sleep time, sleep latency, awakenings, wake time. May include sleep disruptive events such as arousals, apneas, etc. Score on the Pittsburgh “Sleep Quality” Index. Domain of objective indices other than polysomnographic sleep onset latency (SOL ...Step 1: Open Settings on your Apple Watch and scroll to Sleep. Step 2: Enable the Sleep Tracking toggle. Next, enable sleep tracking in the Watch app. Step 1: Open the Watch app on your iPhone ...Jan 18, 2024 · minutes. Number of cycles. REM tends to happen at the end of each sleep cycle: Sleep cycle number 1 ends at 0:45. Sleep cycle number 2 ends at 2:15. Sleep cycle number 3 ends at 3:45. Sleep cycle number 4 ends at 5:15. Sleep cycle number 5 ends at 6:45. Check out 5 similar sleep calculators 😴. To see additional insights into your sleep data, including analysis of your sleeping heart rate, purchase a Fitbit Premium subscription. For more information, ...Apr 17, 2021 · These metrics can also be more readily applied to data other than sleep; for example, calculating CPD when the timing but not duration of events is known, such as repeated cognitive performance, fatigue ratings, or caloric intake diaries . Studies using daily-value metrics need to make a priori assumptions about where variability is expected or ... Sleep calculator. This calculate backtracks from a set wakeup time. Find your desired wake time in the left-most column, and match it with the corresponding time …Sleep Cycle Calculator. A sleep calculator is a formula that you can use to plan for the quantity of sleep you want to get. The only information you need is your …12 Jul 2022 ... avoid caffeine and theine from mid-afternoon onwards. turn off screens, including phones and tablets, at least 30 minutes before bedtime. If you ...Caterpillars do sleep. During the daytime, they sleep on the underside of leaves. When they wake up, caterpillars eat the leaves they were sleeping on. They continue this process u...Sleep efficiency is the percentage of time spent asleep while in bed. It is calculated by dividing the amount of time spent asleep (in minutes) by the.Sleep efficiency is the percentage of time spent asleep while in bed. It is calculated by dividing the amount of time spent asleep (in minutes) by the.New novel sleep measures have emerged. Sleep consistency measures how likely a student is to be awake or asleep at the same time each day. Students with greater sleep consistency have better academic performance. A morning circadian preference and earlier classes are associated with higher grades.4 days ago · To calculate the CPAP AHI score, we need to use the equation for the number of AHI events per hour as featured in Omni's AHI calculator: AHI = ( (apnea episodes + hypopnea episodes) / sleep time) × 60. Where sleep time is given is minutes. 😴. This should also help to improve sleep efficiency. Participating in activities other than sleeping in bed, such as reading a book or watching TV, trains you to associate the bed with awake-time activities. Lying awake and reading for 2 hours adds to the total time in bed, greatly reducing the calculated sleep efficiency. Parasomnias (or Sleep Events) Bedwetting. Confusional Arousals. Exploding Head Syndrome. Nightmares. REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Sleep Eating Disorder. Sleep Hallucinations. The Bedtime Calculator is based on the sleep duration recommendations of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine for children and adults. Nonlinear analysis of sleep EEG data in schizophrenia: calculation of the principal Lyapunov exponent ... This property can be quantified by calculating the ...Apr 21, 2022 · You may need eight hours but get only seven, or even less. To calculate your sleep debt, add up the number of sleep hours lost every week. This number represents the total hours you need to add to the time you spend sleeping each week. Use the Sleepopolis Sleep Debt Calculator to find out how much sleep debt you have accumulated and how to get ... May 23, 2022 · This calculate backtracks from a set wakeup time. Find your desired wake time in the left-most column, and match it with the corresponding time for the number of hours (and approximate number of sleep cycles) you’d like to achieve. The resulting square is your corresponding bedtime. Our sleep time calculator accounts for 15 minutes of sleep ... Feb 22, 2024 · Sleep debt is the amount of sleep you’ve missed out on recently. It’s compared to how much sleep you need, and at RISE, we measure it over 14 nights. The RISE app tells you how much sleep debt you have and automatically keeps track of it as you pay it back. No one likes debt, whether that’s money or sleep. In college students, insufficient and poor sleep quality exacerbate physical and mental health concerns. Specifically, inadequate sleep has been shown to decrease their immune function, increase the expression of underlying psychological disorders (particularly anxiety and mood disorders), increase motor vehicle accident risk, and increase other risk-taking … How to Calculate Your Sleep Numbers: Sleep Duration: Your “total sleep time.” Minutes between falling asleep (Q3) and final awakening (Q6). Ex. 12:30 am to 8:00 am = 450 min. Subtract nighttime awakenings (Q5). Ex. 450 min – 80 min = 370 min. Sleep Duration = 370 min (6 h 10 min) Sleep Efficiency: How much you slept compared to time in ... How does the tracker calculate my pet's activity? What is the Wellness Score? ... How can I make sure the Activity Goal is right for my pet? Articles in this ... How to Calculate Your Sleep Numbers: Sleep Duration: Your “total sleep time.” Minutes between falling asleep (Q3) and final awakening (Q6). Ex. 12:30 am to 8:00 am = 450 min. Subtract nighttime awakenings (Q5). Ex. 450 min – 80 min = 370 min. Sleep Duration = 370 min (6 h 10 min) Sleep Efficiency: How much you slept compared to time in ... Students already recognize the adverse effect of sleep on their academic performance. Summary statistics from the Spring 2017 ACHA-NCHA IIc survey showed that the top four self-rated impediments to undergraduate academic success are stress (34%), anxiety (26%), sleep difficulties (22.%), and colds and flu (17.%). 18 Despite the frequency of ...Are you tired of waking up feeling sore and unrested? A good night’s sleep is crucial for our overall well-being, and one way to achieve it is by investing in a quality mattress to...Hey So Im making a log to keep track of things, and I want to calculate my sleep, but I don't want to have to write the date each time, Went to Sleep: 23:00 Woke Up: , 09:00 So I just want to go down and write the times but if I do that the date for the second time is assumed as the same day not the next day. Then when I go to calculate my total …The following chart can help a person figure out when they need to be going to bed to get 8 hours of sleep a night. The NSF report that, on average, people take 10–20 minutes to fall asleep. The ...Sleep quality is the measurement of how well you’re sleeping—in other words, whether your sleep is restful and restorative. It differs from sleep satisfaction, which refers to a more subjective judgment of how you feel about the sleep you are getting. Sleep quality is more complicated to measure than sleep quantity, but it’s not entirely ...Fitbit Update: 9/30. We're aware of an issue where your time asleep is being miscalculated. You might have noticed your sleep duration has increased and time awake/restless are being included in the time asleep calculation. In addition, some of you might have seen sleep duration had increased, but now it has changed back to the previous ...However, an issue this morning sees the sleep score missing from the Fitbit app and wearables. Update: To get your sleep score for Sunday night-Monday morning, restart your Fitbit device and then ...Calculating Sleep Apnea Onset. I was pleasantly surprised to discover that a team of researchers, led by Michelle Olaithe, PhD, MClinPsych, an associate research fellow at the University of Western Australia and the clinical director and Health-Bright clinical psychologist at someone.health, ...Mar 8, 2021 · How to remove your sleep goals in the Fitbit app. Open the Fitbit app and choose the Today tab. Select the Sleep tile. Tap the Settings Gear icon at the top. Tap the three-dot More button at the top. Choose to Remove sleep goal, target bedtime, or target wakeup time. To remove all three, repeat step 4 for each. The Sleep Debt Calculator is all about sleep deficit – or the aggregate effects of not getting enough rest. The way we calculate sleep debt is by subtracting the amount of sleep we realistically get from the sleep we should get. While acute sleep debt can mostly be erased by a good 8 hours of Zzz’s, a chronic sleep deficit may take a bit ...This sleep calculator is designed to help you wake up during Stage 1, which is where your lightest rest occurs. There are three ways to use this calculator to generate your custom …09-06-2014 06:52 - edited ‎09-06-2014 07:13. Usually fitbit subtracts time awake from the time in bed to give you the actual sleep time. I noticed today and yesterday it is not subtracting the time I have been awake. For example if I am in bed for 8 hours and restless/awake for 30 minutes, it should say my actual sleep time is 7 hours 30 min.To calculate your sleep debt, first, pinpoint the exact number of hours you need per night to feel rested within the seven to nine-hour range. In this example, we’ll use eight hours. For each day of the week, document how many hours of rest you got each night from Sunday through Saturday. An example might be seven hours of sleep on Sunday ...Sleep debt is the amount of sleep you’ve missed out on recently. It’s compared to how much sleep you need, and at RISE, we measure it over 14 nights. The RISE app tells you how much sleep debt you have and automatically keeps track of it as you pay it back. No one likes debt, whether that’s money or sleep.Overall, students with more sleep disturbances in the last week had a greater incidence of academic problems, including higher rates of dropping or taking an incomplete in a course in the last 12 months (Fig. 1 a) and a lower cumulative GPA (Fig. 1 b). Sleep problems were found to be a significant, independent negative predictor of academic ...Supported devices enable you to add body movement, respiration rate and oxygen saturation overlays to your sleep charts in the Garmin Connect™ app for a more complete picture of your night. Your sleep score is a number (0-100) that summarizes the underlying data to reveal how you slept. A high sleep score means you are well …Measuring all components of sleep quality in children is important due to the potential health problems sequential to poor sleep quality. Subjective measures rely on having the appropriate developmental tool available to the population of interest. Measurement results may vary based on ability of children to provide an accurate self …To get data from the watch, you also need to give it at least four hours of sleep to work with per night. You can set separate schedules for weekdays, weekends, or any other days you have special ...You need to provide some example data consisting of the patient identifier and time variable. Assuming that these are named patient_id and date in your data set, you can copy and paste the result of the following:Sleep debt is calculated by subtracting the amount of sleep you’ve had recently from the amount of sleep you need. If you’ve had less sleep than you need, you’ll have sleep debt. At RISE, we calculate your sleep debt over the past 14 nights. But we don’t just add up the hours of sleep you’ve lost.There are several different values that your smartwatch calculates in order to present accurate sleep data. Let’s look at how the technology behind it works and whether the results are reliable. 1. Sleep Tracking Using Smartwatches. Functionalities of tracking devices aren’t just confined to measuring steps walked and calories burned.Getting a good night’s sleep is essential for our overall health and well-being. But if you’re not sleeping on the right bedding, you may be missing out on the best sleep of your l...Sleep Cycle Calculator does the math for you, and lets you know the perfect times to set your alarm on in order to wake up energized. Sleep Cycle Calculator: The Five Stages …Thank you for reaching out. I can certainly understand your frustration with the sleep not tracking accurately on your watch. This article provides steps for using the sleep tracking feature, as well as additional tips. Monitor your sleep with the Galaxy Watch4, Watch5, and Watch 6 and Samsung Health (The steps will be similar for all …In this chapter, we introduce the method by which we measure and quantify sleep in Drosophila melanogaster Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila is a powerful genetic model system that has been instrumental in contributing to our understanding of numerous biological processes including development, immunity, the circadian clock, and, more recently, sleep at the molecular and …Studies have shown that humans need 6.5 and 8 hours of sleep to avoid detrimental effects on daytime function (again, an average). Let's say that you calculate that you need 9 hours of sleep. Every night that you get 7 hours of sleep, you will be sleep deprived by 2 hours. It is easy to understand how important it is to determine your own …To calculate your ideal bedtime based on sleep cycles using a sleep calculator, you will need to understand the concept of sleep cycles and their average duration. A sleep cycle typically lasts about 90 minutes and includes different stages of sleep, such as light sleep, deep sleep, and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep.Oct 10, 2022 · Scroll to the bottom of the Sleep info and tap Manage Sleep in the Apple Watch App. Toggle Track Sleep with Apple Watch on (or if it’s already on, toggle it off and on.) Next, confirm your Sleep Focus settings by going to Settings > Focus > Sleep. Tap to open Next Schedule. One easy way to estimate your sleep is to use the Fitbit Sleep Score, which uses your heart rate data and the time you spend restless or awake. All this data is used to calculate an overall sleep score, the sum of the individual scores from the different components of sleep, including duration, quality, and restoration. The score adds up to 100.Oct 10, 2022 · Scroll to the bottom of the Sleep info and tap Manage Sleep in the Apple Watch App. Toggle Track Sleep with Apple Watch on (or if it’s already on, toggle it off and on.) Next, confirm your Sleep Focus settings by going to Settings > Focus > Sleep. Tap to open Next Schedule. Mar 8, 2021 · How to remove your sleep goals in the Fitbit app. Open the Fitbit app and choose the Today tab. Select the Sleep tile. Tap the Settings Gear icon at the top. Tap the three-dot More button at the top. Choose to Remove sleep goal, target bedtime, or target wakeup time. To remove all three, repeat step 4 for each.

Sleep Cycle Calculator does the math for you, and lets you know the perfect times to set your alarm on in order to wake up energized. Sleep Cycle Calculator: The Five Stages …. Business blueprint

calculating sleep

ABSTRACT. Objectives: This study compared subjective (questionnaire) and objective (actigraphy) sleep assessments, and examined agreement between these methods, in vulnerable older adults participating in a Veterans Administration Adult Day Health Care (ADHC) program.. Methods: 59 ADHC participants (95% male, mean age = …Jul 31, 2023 · The following steps outline how to calculate the Sleep Efficiency. First, determine the total time asleep (hrs). Next, determine the total time spent in bed (hrs). Next, gather the formula from above = SE = TS / TB * 100. Finally, calculate the Sleep Efficiency. Ideally, your sleep efficiency would approach 100%. Sleep restriction is a behavioral treatment for insomnia. It works to improve your sleep efficiency by limiting the amount of time you allow yourself to sleep in the bed. Imagine if you stayed up all night and tomorrow night you only allowed yourself to sleep for two hours.Supported devices enable you to add body movement, respiration rate and oxygen saturation overlays to your sleep charts in the Garmin Connect™ app for a more complete picture of your night. Your sleep score is a number (0-100) that summarizes the underlying data to reveal how you slept. A high sleep score means you are well …Sleep disturbances play an important role in everyday affect and vice versa. However, the causal day-to-day interaction between sleep and mood has not been thoroughly explored, partly because of the lack of daily assessment data. Mobile phones enable us to collect ecological momentary assessment data on a daily basis in a noninvasive manner.Ideally, your sleep efficiency would approach 100%. Sleep restriction is a behavioral treatment for insomnia. It works to improve your sleep efficiency by limiting the amount of time you allow yourself to sleep in the bed. Imagine if you stayed up all night and tomorrow night you only allowed yourself to sleep for two hours.Studies have shown that humans need 6.5 and 8 hours of sleep to avoid detrimental effects on daytime function (again, an average). Let's say that you calculate that you need 9 hours of sleep. Every night that you get 7 hours of sleep, you will be sleep deprived by 2 hours. It is easy to understand how important it is to determine your own …Some people are considered "short sleepers" and can get by with less sleep than the rest of us. But here's what sleep deprivation looks like and why it's so important to get enough...Defining “Sleep Quality”: No Standard Definition. Overall summary of sleep. May include sleep time, sleep latency, awakenings, wake time. May include sleep disruptive events such as arousals, apneas, etc. Score on the Pittsburgh “Sleep Quality” Index. Domain of objective indices other than polysomnographic sleep onset latency (SOL ...Use this calculator to compute what time to wake up or go to bed to get a given number of hours of sleep. Use the Hours Calculator if you would like to find out the number of … Tips and tricks to fall asleep and have a better night sleep Get comfortable In order to fall asleep fast, you need to help your body. When talking about sleep comfort we're actually referring to ambient temperature (between 60.8 and 68 degrees Fahrenheit or 16 - 20 degrees Celsius - anything outside that leads do sleep discomfort), body position (use the most comfortable position that you ... Limitations of Sleep Efficiency Calculation Accuracy. Sleep Interruptions: Factors like waking up during the night can impact accuracy. Subjectivity: Self-assessment may not provide a true reflection of sleep quality. Device Dependence: Sleep monitor-based methods rely on the use of tracking devices. Alternative Methods for Measuring Sleep ...Mallinson's Woodland Retreat is a nature lodging just outside Exeter, UK, with treehouse accommodations that let you sleep in the trees. Escaping to the woods might sound like a cr...Total Time Awake Add the numbers above in this column (minutes) C. Total Sleep Time A minus B (minutes) D. Sleep Efficiency C/A x 100%. My sleep efficiency is %. † For example, if you were in bed for 8 hours and 20 minutes, this is the same as 8 ….

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