Feral swine in michigan - Learn about the two invasive species that pose threats to Michigan's environment and economy: wild boar and nutria. Wild boar are banned in Michigan …

 
Feral swine (Sus scrofa) Description: Introduced in North America as a domesticated animal, they originally came from Europe, ... The information provided in this factsheet was gathered from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Individual species images that appear with a number in a black box are courtesy of the Bugwood.org network .... Rutgers nurse practitioner program

Stories of 500-pound feral pigs in Michigan and 40 other states multiplying, chasing people, attacking vehicles and tearing up property are enough to give people nightmares.Feral swine have been reported in at least 35 states, according to the USDA. The agency estimates the swine population in those states totals around 6 million.Feral swine Feral swine are prolific breeders and extremely destructive to habitat and agriculture. Michigan has an established breeding population. European frogbit European frogbit is established on Michigan’s east coast and was recently detected in west Michigan. Fast growing mats of frog-bit choke out native species andMost Michigan custodial parents are entitled to collect child support from the noncustodial parent. After a parent initiates the process of collecting child support in Michigan, a ...In all, the USDA has confirmed 32 total sightings of feral swine in Michigan since 2016, and only 11 in the last four years. Also, Duffiney notes that the USDA data does not differentiate between ...LANSING, MI -- As lawsuits springing from Michigan's 2011 ban on feral swine wend their way through the courts, the New York Times has taken a look at the invasive swine situation in several ...Hines points out that Michigan pork producers are sending between 10,000 to 25,000 hogs weekly to Ohio and Indiana to be finished contractually, and a pseudorabies (PRV) outbreak from wild hogs to domestic swine would likely result in Michigan being quarantined and unable to move feeder pigs out of the state. Michigan lacks adequate finishing ... 2015] Pigs in a Pen. Feral swine have significantly impacted Michigan’s diverse agricultural community, on both ends of the farming spectrum. On the one end of the spec-trum are those who wholly rely (or relied) on feral swine to make a living, either raising the pigs for consumption or recreational hunting. Mar 28, 2021 · In neighboring Michigan, most of the 83 counties have had reports of feral pigs present at some point, with nearly 25 counties having free-roaming populations at some point, according to the state Department of Agriculture. There also have been documented feral swine populations in Jackson, Lenawee, and Hillsdale counties in the past. Feral swine in the state are usually a hybrid between Eurasian wild boar and domestic swine. According to the Michigan Department of Natural Resources, these animals have been seen in 72 of the state’s 83 counties as of last year. They have the potential to become much more numerous for a combination of biological and ecological reasons.Feral swine are a problem for two main reasons: they can host many parasites and diseases that threaten humans, domestic livestock and wildlife; and they can cause extensive damage to forests, …The Michigan Legislature had already passed a ‘shoot-on-sight’ law in 2010 to address the feral swine issue; judging from the numbers of sightings and kills, there really is no feral swine problem in Michigan as compared to other states like Texas. Michigan has been tracking reports of feral swine sightings and killings since at least 2001.Feb 1, 2023 · In 2021, Guerrant’s team eliminated 9,857 feral swine from the state of Missouri, which represents the northern limit of feral swine range in the Midwest—a reduction of 60 percent. Any pigs, even if the pigs have never been free-roaming, that are of the type wild boar, wild hog, wild pig, feral pig, feral hog, feral pig, Old world pig, razorback, Eurasian wild boar, Russian wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus). Pigs going to game ranches or to use for breeding to supply game ranches. Pigs vaccinated for Pseudorabies (PRV).May 16, 2012 · In Michigan, hog production is a very, very big agri-business. The state has 2,100 pork producers and markets more than 2 million hogs per year. Agricultural associations like the Michigan Pork Producers Association said dealing with feral swine is critical to all Michigan residents. Our Michigan retirement tax friendliness calculator can help you estimate your tax burden in retirement using your Social Security, 401(k) and IRA income. Michigan does not tax Soc...The Michigan Farm Bureau believes the quickest and most viable way to eradicate feral swine and regulate sporting swine facilities is through legislation as introduced in the state House and ...USDA data from 2022 showed feral swine sightings in only five Michigan Counties: Calhoun, Jackson and Kalkaska in the Lower Peninsula and Marquette and Dickinson in the Upper Peninsula. A U.S. map identifying which counties had reports of feral swine in 2022.Help is available from the Michigan State University Extension Pork Team you need assistance or are looking for further guidance regarding this topic. Madonna Benjamin, 517-614-8875 [email protected]. Beth Ferry, 269-876-2745 [email protected]. Dale Rozeboom, 517-202-7415 [email protected]. Collaborative nation-wide plan for feral swine eradication Human Dimensions a. Solutions to counter the release of unwanted pot-bellied pigs b. Effectively communicate to sport hunting industry the negative effects of hunting feral swine c. Solutions to eradicate feral swine in pig refuges where private landowners prohibit removal.They’re also aggressive and territorial, attack people and animals, and can spread up to 34 different diseases. This article will tell you all you need to know about wild hogs in Michigan. Feral hogs do …Feral swine are a problem for two main reasons: they can host many parasites and diseases that threaten humans, domestic livestock and wildlife; and they can cause extensive damage to forests, agricultural lands and Michigan’s water resources.When it comes to college sports, few teams evoke as much passion and loyalty as the Michigan Wolverines. The origins of the phrase “Go Blue” can be traced back to the early 20th ce...WalletHub selected 2023's best insurance agents in Michigan based on user reviews. Compare and find the best insurance agent of 2023. WalletHub makes it easy to find the best Insur...The Brucella bacteria can also infect humans who handle feral pigs. The disease causes flu-like symptoms and can be difficult to diagnose. Luckily swine brucellosis has not been detected in Michigan yet. Pseudorabies is caused by a herpes virus, and it has been found in Michigan feral swine. Since 2006, 144 feral pigs have been sample and 10 ...In particular, the Michigan DNR cited the 2010 Invasive Species Order (ISO) which made owning wild boar, wild hog, wild swine, feral pig, feral hog, feral swine, Old world swine, razorback, Eurasian wild boar, and Russian wild boar illegal. Michigan farmers were given until April, 1, 2012 to comply with the ISO or face legal action.A report by Captain Experiences claims feral hogs were spotted in 26.5% of Michigan counties, but USDA wildlife specialist Jon Amidon says it is not accurate. He …Currently, biologists believe there could be well over 5,000 feral pigs in Michigan. That may not seem like a big number, but keep in mind that in 2011, there were only 340 sightings of the ... Report: NY Times addresses feral pigs, citing Michigan's status and quoting Ted Nugent. Five lawsuits springing from Michigan's 2011 ban on feral swine are wending their way through the courts. Environmental DNA in Streams to Detect Feral Swine MI. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research [distributor], 2019-09-13. DOI: 10.3886/E109748V3. With an updated brochure that shows signs of feral swine infestation, Michigan Farm Bureau, MPPA, the Michigan Wildlife Conservancy and the Mauser Harmony with Nature Foundation have renewed the effort to make people aware of the problem and, most importantly, to shoot a feral pig on sight. The problem with that, said Pat Rusz, director of ... Feral swine. Description: Introduced in North America as a domesticated animal, they originally came from Europe, Asia, North Africa and the Malay Archipelago. Identification: Covered in a scant coat of coarse, bristle-like hairs ranging from dark gray to brown. Head and body length ranges from 3-6 ft (900-1800 mm), tail length is about 1 ft ...Feral swine—also known as wild pigs, wild boars, wild hogs, and razorbacks—are descendants of escaped or released pigs first brought to the United States by …Using data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Captain says there is some form of feral hog activity in 22 Michigan counties. Feral swine can certainly be a destructive pest.Feral swine directly impact threatened and endangered species by preying on the nests, eggs, and young of ground-nesting birds and reptiles. They actively hunt and consume ... Michigan, Missouri, and Wisconsin. Feral swine threaten this unique species by damaging the delicate wetland habitat it depends on through rooting andStates like California, Hawaii, and Michigan now have relatively large feral hog populations. Nearly 300 native plant and animal species in the U.S. are in rapid decline because of feral swine, ...Marquette, Michigan is a charming city located on the shores of Lake Superior. Known for its breathtaking natural beauty and vibrant cultural scene, Marquette attracts visitors fro...“Feral swine are a problem that puts Michigan agriculture, businesses and jobs at risk and it must be addressed now,” says Jim Byrum, president of MABA, which represents more than 400 agricultural businesses. “The legislature must do the right thing, and that means allowing the order designating feral swine an invasive species to stand. ...Feral pigs are mid-sized hoofed mammals with a long, pointed head and stocky build. Males and females look much alike. Wild hogs exhibit great variation in color and size. The average wild sow weighs about 110 pounds (ranging from 80 to 330 pounds), and the average wild boar weighs about 130 pounds (ranging from 100 to 440 pounds). Report: NY Times addresses feral pigs, citing Michigan's status and quoting Ted Nugent. Five lawsuits springing from Michigan's 2011 ban on feral swine are wending their way through the courts. The size of the state of Michigan is 62,713,600 acres. Lets assume that the population is a low estimate and say there are 10000 feral swine running around Michigan. This equates to approximately .0002 pigs per acre. To look at this another way lets make another assumption. The actual size of Michigan isn’t a factual representation of animal ...Mar 28, 2021 · In neighboring Michigan, most of the 83 counties have had reports of feral pigs present at some point, with nearly 25 counties having free-roaming populations at some point, according to the state Department of Agriculture. There also have been documented feral swine populations in Jackson, Lenawee, and Hillsdale counties in the past. For specific sighting information of feral swine reported or killed in you area, feel free to send me an email at [email protected] If you shoot or see feral pigs, please report to the above email as well, it is the MDNR and feral swine working group s goal to help hunters aggressively remove feral swine from Michigan before they become a ...Nov 4, 2021 · The mess that wild swine can create has led to the Michigan Legislature declaring feral pigs running at large on public or private property to be a public nuisance. MCL 433.14a(1). Local animal control officers or law enforcement officers may kill swine running at large on public or private property. MCL 433.14a(2). Feral pigs cause a lot of damage to crops and the landscape due to rooting. ... Michigan (5,000) Mississippi (200,000) New Hampshire (unknown) New Jersey (<1,000)Introduction. Feral swine are a highly invasive mammal that include released and escaped domestic swine, Eurasian wild boar, and their hybrids (Lewis et al., 2019; Smyser et al., 2020).There are at least six million feral swine roaming the landscape in the United States, harming agricultural products, damaging natural resources, and …Jan 31, 2020 · The number of feral swine in the state is declining, but there’s still concern about their transmitting diseases to domestic pigs -- threatening a $500-million-a-year industry -- and to people, as well as damage to vegetation. Allegan, Cass, Branch, St. Joseph and Ottawa counties are the top producers. We talk to the Michigan Pork Producers Association and MUCC. By Katrianna Ray. Michigan is a state known for its rich artistic heritage and vibrant creative scene. For aspiring artists, finding the right art college is crucial to unlocking their full potentia...The Michigan Farm Bureau believes the quickest and most viable way to eradicate feral swine and regulate sporting swine facilities is through legislation as introduced in the state House and ... FERAL SWINE: Impacts on Threatened and Endangered Species What Are Feral Swine? Feral swine (also called wild pigs, boar, feral hogs, and many others) are a destructive, invasive species. They vary in color from black to brown and even patchwork colors, and range in size from 75 to 250 pounds. Feral swine belong to the family Suidae and were ... Dec 1, 2023 · A report by Captain Experiences claims feral hogs were spotted in 26.5% of Michigan counties, but USDA wildlife specialist Jon Amidon says it is not accurate. He confirms only one location of feral hogs, the Russian bore variety, in Michigan. Feral swine study to assess statewide impact. A new study will pair MSU researchers with researchers from the University of Michigan-Flint to learn more about one of the state’s most potentially destructive invasive species, feral swine. The approximately $500,000 grant from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources also pulls in resources ...You should never carry a credit card balance, but if you have to, the Lake Michigan Credit Union could keep you afloat. Read the full review. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to recei...Introduction. Feral swine are a highly invasive mammal that include released and escaped domestic swine, Eurasian wild boar, and their hybrids (Lewis et al., 2019; Smyser et al., 2020).There are at least six million feral swine roaming the landscape in the United States, harming agricultural products, damaging natural resources, and …March 07, 2014 | By JENNIFER THOMPSON. Nearly two years ago, we asked whether it was lawful to own a pig in Michigan after a state agency issued an “Invasive Species Order”—ostensibly aimed at outlawing the ownership of “feral” pigs—but drafted so broadly and vaguely so as to cover barn-yard animals. Now we finally have an answer ...Local Concern: Feral swine can be aggressive toward humans and can transmit several serious diseases. Feeding habits put feral swine in direct competition for resources with deer, bear, turkey ...“Feral swine are a problem that puts Michigan agriculture, businesses and jobs at risk and it must be addressed now,” says Jim Byrum, president of MABA, which represents more than 400 agricultural businesses. “The legislature must do the right thing, and that means allowing the order designating feral swine an invasive species to stand. ...Across the country, feral hogs are causing big problems. Wild pigs cause more than $2.5 billion in damages each year when they root up land and crops. As Seth Bodine of member station KOSU reports ...WalletHub selected 2023's best insurance agents in Michigan based on user reviews. Compare and find the best insurance agent of 2023. WalletHub makes it easy to find the best Insur...WalletHub selected 2023's best insurance agents in Michigan based on user reviews. Compare and find the best insurance agent of 2023. WalletHub makes it easy to find the best Insur...Apr 8, 2020 ... Missouri continues to remove a large number of wild pigs (>10,000) at a sizable cost to the Missouri Department of Conservation. Michigan has ...In the United States, their stronghold is the South — about half of the nation’s six million feral pigs live in Texas. But in the past 30 years, the hogs have expanded their range to 38 states ...Hi all, Thought I d post the most recent feral pig sightings, and some updated information regarding opportunities to shoot feral swine. It is permissible in 45 counties to shoot feral swine, currently one could be carrying a small game license to legally do so, just make sure you follow all...Wild hogs typically weigh 150 to 250 pounds—but can grow much larger than that. Canadian Wild Pig Research Project SHARE. The U.S. may soon have a new wild pig problem. Until now, the invasive ...March 07, 2014 | By JENNIFER THOMPSON. Nearly two years ago, we asked whether it was lawful to own a pig in Michigan after a state agency issued an “Invasive Species Order”—ostensibly aimed at outlawing the ownership of “feral” pigs—but drafted so broadly and vaguely so as to cover barn-yard animals. Now we finally have an answer ...You should never carry a credit card balance, but if you have to, the Lake Michigan Credit Union could keep you afloat. Read the full review. By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to recei...Feral swine. Description: Introduced in North America as a domesticated animal, they originally came from Europe, Asia, North Africa and the Malay Archipelago. Identification: Covered in a scant coat of coarse, bristle-like hairs ranging from dark gray to brown. Head and body length ranges from 3-6 ft (900-1800 mm), tail length is about 1 ft ...Oct 3, 2014 · Feral swine study to assess statewide impact. A new study will pair MSU researchers with researchers from the University of Michigan-Flint to learn more about one of the state’s most potentially destructive invasive species, feral swine. The approximately $500,000 grant from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources also pulls in resources ... Michigan Feral Swine Hunting. 3,917 likes · 9 talking about this. CommunityA new study will pair Michigan State University (MSU) researchers with researchers from the University of Michigan-Flint to learn more about one of the state’s most potentially destructive invasive species: feral swine.The approximately $500,000 grant from the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR) also pulls in …Feral swine can reproduce rapidly by having two litters per year of 4 to 12 piglets. This is bad news because they threaten the health of our wildlife, agriculture and overall native ecosystem. Feral swine feed on almost every type of crop such as corn, grain, wheat, oats, fruits, and vegetables.(CN) – With feral swine overrunning Michigan, ranchers cannot block state efforts to label the Russian wild boar an invasive species, an appeals court ruled. Though ranchers raise the boar primarily as a hunting target, the Michigan Department of Natural Resources (DNR) estimates that there could be between 1,000 and 3,000 feral swine in …USDA data from 2022 showed feral swine sightings in only five Michigan Counties: Calhoun, Jackson and Kalkaska in the Lower Peninsula and Marquette and Dickinson in the Upper Peninsula. A...This will help researchers determine if feral swine have been truly removed from a given location. In addition to funding research, Michigan has taken steps to curb the feral swine population with assistance from the public. The state enacted an invasive species order in 2011 that prohibits the possession of Russian boar.There are a number of larger groups (20-25) of feral hogs in michigan. One group near me is probably in the neighborhood of that size and the ones near Gladwin and Midland, there are also a number of smaller groups throughout the state. Clyde . Clyde. Save Share. Like. cgc Zephyr.There are a number of larger groups (20-25) of feral hogs in michigan. One group near me is probably in the neighborhood of that size and the ones near Gladwin and Midland, there are also a number of smaller groups throughout the state.Feral pigs can be found throughout much of Michigan. In fact, experts indicate that the swine have been discovered in 70 of our 83 counties. While many pig farmers have modified the way that they raise their hogs, moving most of them indoors to limit contact with feral pigs, the truth is that more needs to be done to control the feral pig ...There are several types of interest bearing savings accounts designed for minors. In Michigan, many financial institutions offer youth savings accounts that also include an ATM car...In Michigan, hog production is a very, very big agri-business. The state has 2,100 pork producers and markets more than 2 million hogs per year. Agricultural associations like the Michigan Pork Producers Association said dealing with feral swine is critical to all Michigan residents.States like California, Hawaii, and Michigan now have relatively large feral hog populations. Nearly 300 native plant and animal species in the U.S. are in rapid decline because of feral swine, ...Jul 11, 2006 · Feral Swine are highly mobile disease reservoirs and can carry at least 30 important viral and bacterial diseases (Davidson and Nettles 1997, Samuel et al. 2001, Williams and Barker 2001) in addition to a minimum of 37 parasites that affect people, pets, livestock, or wildlife In South Carolina alone, feral swine inflict some $115 million in damages on agricultural industries, according to a recent Clemson University study. Aside from destroying fields, they can ...Before he was the President and CEO of Ford, Jim Hackett revitalized the University of Michigan's athletic department and hired Jim Harbaugh By clicking "TRY IT", I agree to receiv...Oct 3, 2014 · Feral swine can transmit many diseases to livestock such as pseudorabies or brucellosis (look for a Feral Swine Diseases blog in 2 weeks). These diseases could decimate the commercial swine industry in Michigan. Aside from diseases, feral swine have been known to eat newborn animals such as lambs, goats, and calves. Yes, pigs will eat baby animals. USDA data from 2022 showed feral swine sightings in only five Michigan Counties: Calhoun, Jackson and Kalkaska in the Lower Peninsula and Marquette and Dickinson in the Upper Peninsula. A U.S. map identifying which counties had reports of feral swine in 2022.Damage from Wild Hogs. Feral hogs are estimated by the University of Georgia to cause $2 billion to $2.5 billion in damage annually by digging up to two feet deep in search of food, causing crop fields, grass, and woodlands to resemble irregularly plowed fields. Furthermore, wild hogs can transmit infections to other animals, including deer …The agency estimates there 3,000 to 5,000 feral pigs in more than 65 of Michigan's 83 counties. Many of the animals are the offspring of imported Russian or Eurasian boars that escaped from area ...In Michigan, hog production is a very, very big agri-business. The state has 2,100 pork producers and markets more than 2 million hogs per year. Agricultural associations like the Michigan Pork Producers Association said dealing with feral swine is critical to all Michigan residents.The wild animal has expanded westward and northward, with states like California, Hawaii, and Michigan reporting a fairly large feral hog population. Ryan Brook, a professor at the University of Saskatchewan and one of Canada’s leading authorities on the problem, told the Associated Press that feral swine are, “the most invasive animal on ...While Michigan is home to 39 different species of spiders, the southern black widow is the only poisonous spider indigenous to the state. The other 38 species of spider native to M...Are you a die-hard Michigan football fan? Do you want to catch every game, no matter where you are? Thanks to the wonders of technology, you can now stay in the game with Michigan ...

Marquette, Michigan is a picturesque city located on the shores of Lake Superior. Known for its stunning natural beauty and vibrant culture, it attracts visitors from all over the .... Abby and brittany hensel family tragedy

feral swine in michigan

USDA reports show that feral hogs have been seen in at least 35 states. Over the past 40 years, their population has expanded. There are now about 6 million wild hogs in the United States, and the number continues to grow quickly. Because of this quick growth, it is difficult to estimate each state’s wild hog population. Are Feral Hogs Dangerous?The small town of Keweenaw, Michigan is known for its rich history and breathtaking natural beauty. Tucked away in this picturesque landscape lies a hidden gem – Cliff Cemetery. On...If you've seen feral swine, signs of swine, or if you've succesfully harvested a feral swine, the DNR would like to know. One can use an online report form , or call the …The Michigan Department of Natural Resources issued an Invasive Species Order (ISO) in 2010 to go into effect April 2012, claiming to address the ‘feral swine problem’ in Michigan. In December 2011 a Declaratory Ruling was issued to clarify how DNR intended to identify prohibited swine. Unfortunately, the ISO targets a pig by …Feral Hunting: Yes; in 2010 Michigan put in to law Public Acts 69-71 which allows any person with a concealed pistol permit (CPL) or valid hunting license to kill swine running at large on public property. Landowners or authorized persons can kill swine running on private property.Oct 3, 2014 · Feral swine can transmit many diseases to livestock such as pseudorabies or brucellosis (look for a Feral Swine Diseases blog in 2 weeks). These diseases could decimate the commercial swine industry in Michigan. Aside from diseases, feral swine have been known to eat newborn animals such as lambs, goats, and calves. Yes, pigs will eat baby animals. Feral pigs cause a lot of damage to crops and the landscape due to rooting. ... Michigan (5,000) Mississippi (200,000) New Hampshire (unknown) New Jersey (<1,000)Michigan passed the Essential Insurance Act of 1979 in response to an insurance market that made it hard for state residents to find affordable homeowners or automobile insurance. ...Feral swine. Description: Introduced in North America as a domesticated animal, they originally came from Europe, Asia, North Africa and the Malay Archipelago. Identification: Covered in a scant coat of coarse, bristle-like hairs ranging from dark gray to brown. Head and body length ranges from 3-6 ft (900-1800 mm), tail length is about 1 ft ...I've never seen one. I didn't even know we had feral pigs in Michigan. 01-16-2009, 10:16 AM Driller1 : 24,832 posts, read 37,332,477 times Reputation: 11538. There is a lot in Gladwin and Midland counties. 01-16-2009, 10:17 AM Crustedfilth : Location: SE Michigan. 968 posts, read ...States like California, Hawaii, and Michigan now have relatively large feral hog populations. Nearly 300 native plant and animal species in the U.S. are in rapid decline because of feral swine, ...The small town of Keweenaw, Michigan is known for its rich history and breathtaking natural beauty. Tucked away in this picturesque landscape lies a hidden gem – Cliff Cemetery. On...In all, the USDA has confirmed 32 total sightings of feral swine in Michigan since 2016, and only 11 in the last four years. Also, Duffiney notes that the USDA data does not differentiate between ...2011 Michigan Compiled Laws Chapter 287 — ANIMAL INDUSTRY Act 466 of 1988 — ANIMAL INDUSTRY ACT (287.701 - 287.747) ... A person shall not import or release live feral swine or any crosses of feral swine in this state for any purpose without permission from the director. History: 1988, Act 466, Eff. Mar. 28, 1989 ;-- Am. 1990, ...Hi all, Thought I d post the most recent feral pig sightings, and some updated information regarding opportunities to shoot feral swine. It is permissible in 45 counties to shoot feral swine, currently one could be carrying a small game license to legally do so, just make sure you follow all...The Feral Swine Eradication and Control Pilot Program (FSCP) is implemented jointly by NRCS and USDA’s Animal and Plant Health and Inspection Service (APHIS). Total funding for the program is $75 million over the life of the 2018 Farm Bill. In the first round of funding, NRCS obligated more than $16.7 million for 20 feral swine pilot projects ...Feral swine directly impact threatened and endangered species by preying on the nests, eggs, and young of ground-nesting birds and reptiles. They actively hunt and consume ... Michigan, Missouri, and Wisconsin. Feral swine threaten this unique species by damaging the delicate wetland habitat it depends on through rooting andTina and Jim Boes show off the four feral hogs they killed Sunday in northern Muskegon County. Michigan's feral pig problem is getting downright scary. First came the news that Muskegon County ...Jul 11, 2006 · Feral Swine are highly mobile disease reservoirs and can carry at least 30 important viral and bacterial diseases (Davidson and Nettles 1997, Samuel et al. 2001, Williams and Barker 2001) in addition to a minimum of 37 parasites that affect people, pets, livestock, or wildlife .

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