Reddit ivf - Estimate how much you’ll have to spend. It’s difficult to know what treatment will cost before you begin, and pricing can vary depending on where …

 
Jun 30, 2023 ... Had my first ET at 40, untested 3 day embryos. Severe DOR. Previously had several ER rounds where I produced no viable eggs, this last one - 2 .... Where do the blackhawks play

We have done two rounds of IVF. The first, we got one genetically normal embryo (no Omnitrope). The second, we got two (with Omnitrope). Because I have low egg quality likely due to my endometriosis, I do believe Omnitrope helped me have a more successful second round. I’d really prefer using Omnitrope for the next … IVF has been worth it for me and I have not had any success. Part of it is regret-avoidance, and part of it is realizing that IVF can help diagnose the problem. I was “unexplained” prior to my first IVF cycle. The nurses insisted I had acid reflux issues but it was more of a 'i got punched many times in the stomach' type of feeling. I believe these symptoms were unusual. Recovering from Anesthesia and stitches is a much more arduous process I think you'll be fine within a day or two after retrieval. Good luck!Aug 12, 2019 · I am 43 and single i have had 3 cycles for egg retrieval. The first round at age 41 got 6 eggs. Five made it to freeze. The next cycle at 42 I went to a diff doctor and he used diff protocol that failed. Went back to initial protocol for 3rd round and got 5 eggs. I would live to chat with you offline if we could. This gives me hope. Just coming out of a failed cycle because of egg quality issues. I got 18 eggs retrieved, 12 mature, 9 fertilised and 0 to blast stage. So gutted. But yah - quit my shift work job and on the coq10, DHEA, weight loss, vit D, vit C, vit E, melatonin leading up to next ivf cycle in 3 months to give the above a chance to … r/IVFinfertility: Est 2022: A safe + supportive space for emotionally intelligent folks undergoing IVF *due to* infertility (physiological…. Low amh will reduce the number of eggs retrieved per round and higher dose of medications. My amh was low and we only got 8-11 eggs and only 2-3 embryos in my 2 fresh rounds. It could present a problem if genetic testing is needed because the embryos have to get to 5 days for freezing and that is risky with fewer embryos. Reply reply. lizzykang. My clinic says 38 % success for a first cycle. You go through SO many hurdles to get to the FET transfer stage. You made it through a egg retrieval with healthy eggs. Those eggs fertilized and grew for 5 days in the lab and were frozen. At any point you could have been "out". Advertise on Reddit. Shop Collectible Avatars. Scan this QR code to download the app now. Or check it out in the app stores. Call of Duty: Warzone. Watch Dogs: Legion. Atlanta Hawks. Philadelphia 76ers. reply Reply reply Reply reply Reply reply More replies Reply reply reply reply.In vitro fertilization, also called IVF, is a complex series of procedures that can lead to a pregnancy. It's a treatment for infertility, a condition in which you can't get …Hello, thank you for this detailed information. I was going to post but searched the Reddit for information about this. I was infected with a breakthrough infection with symptoms 8/16, positive test 8/17. My IVF is supposed to start 10/23 for a retrieval cycle. Do you think this is long enough in between recovering and starting IVF for …Going into IVF we initially leaned toward genetic testing because a prior miscarriage was so traumatic. We ended up declining PGT-A for our first three IVF cycles. I have DOR and we get relatively few embryos (0-3/retrieval), and the chance, however low, of misidentifying and discarding a viable embryo wasn’t worth it.I have carrot through my employer and my company reimburses 90% up to 50k. However, when I used it to pay for egg freezing a couple of years on that I was taxed on the amount that I was reimbursed for fertility. Follistim (10 days @ 300 IU/day): $2495. Ganirelix (5 days @ 250 mcg/day): $411. Lupron trigger: free (would be $170 without clinic discount) HCG trigger: $88. So, I'm currently sitting at about $6250 in medication costs for one egg retrieval (and the meds for a transfer will probably cost an additional $4K or so). 1:03. With only half of Californian's votes counted as of Wednesday morning, the decision on Proposition 1, a measure to restructure the funding of …I am 43 and single i have had 3 cycles for egg retrieval. The first round at age 41 got 6 eggs. Five made it to freeze. The next cycle at 42 I went to a diff doctor and he used diff protocol that failed. Went back to initial protocol for 3rd round and got 5 eggs. I would live to chat with you offline if we could.Women should wait at least two weeks after IVF before taking a pregnancy test. Tests taken before two weeks have passed can deliver false results, according to Shady Grove Fertilit... We knew in January 2022 that my own eggs would not get us a take home baby and we clearly communicated with the clinic that we would move forward with donor eggs (several IVF losses at that point). My clinic did a lot of foot dragging getting us the financial contract, so that slowed us down by months. We finally chose our donor last July and ... Fertifarma sold it for $250. Gonal would have cost us $3,170 dollars at a local pharmacy. Fertifarma sold it for $1784. Cetroride would have cost us $263.70 at a local pharmacy. Fertifarma sold it for $136. The total cost at a local pharmacy would have been about $4300. The total for the same drugs from Fertifarma was $2170. We knew in January 2022 that my own eggs would not get us a take home baby and we clearly communicated with the clinic that we would move forward with donor eggs (several IVF losses at that point). My clinic did a lot of foot dragging getting us the financial contract, so that slowed us down by months. We finally chose our donor last July and ... A website’s welcome message should describe what the website offers its visitors. For example, “Reddit’s stories are created by its users.” The welcome message can be either a stat...The funded cycle covers the egg retrieval and the transfer fees for ALL the embryos you make in that specific cycle. So if you are able to make 3 embryos during your funded cycle, the cost to transfer each one (roughly about $2-2500 per transfer) is covered. The funded cycle excludes all medication (related to ER or transfer) and PGT testing. 7.IVF is a crapshoot at the best of times, and a lot of people have a very long and complicated IVF journey. However, from a bit of research, when you conceive at 40, the risk of down syndrome is about 1 in 100. In terms of IVF increasing the risk, there isn't much research to support that. 18. dreamingofablast.Med price help and feeling overwhelmed : r/IVF - Reddit ... trueMy Pharmacy Experience - Freedom Fertility. We went with Freedom Fertility at first because it was in our insurance’s network, every time we called we told them our insurance even though was in CSV Caremark they would do fertility medicine through Freedom. And every time we called it was an hour wait for them to get their …There are obvious jobs, sure, but there are also not-so-obvious occupations that pay just as well. When everyone seems to be making more money than you, the inevitable question is ...We knew in January 2022 that my own eggs would not get us a take home baby and we clearly communicated with the clinic that we would move forward with donor eggs (several IVF losses at that point). My clinic did a lot of foot dragging getting us the financial contract, so that slowed us down by months. We finally chose our donor last July and ...New Hope Fertility does personalized protocols despite being a high volume clinic. You don’t see the MD much, but the nurses are highly responsive via e-mail, even weekends and after hours. We had a high egg retrieval and fertilization success rate. CCRM- the best!The trigger shot was based on follicle size scan like when you do an ER, but timed to meet your own ovulation. So in sync with an LH surge. I was pretty far in my cycle already at my first scan, so my doc had me test for an LH surge at the scan (which was negative). She then said that I should test again the next morning, and if it was positive ...May 28, 2019 ... Our first one was a real blow, 18 retrieved, 1 blast, pgs abnormal. Our second failed cycle was not as painful: 9 retrieved, 1 blast, pgs ...If you happen to be in the Boston area- so far my experience with Newton Wellesley Hospital and the Brigham have been very positive and extremely professional. 2. KatSeg1126. • 2 yr. ago. Currently at BostonIVF Albany. Contact with my doctor is very limited. Just phone calls and I saw her for my retrieval.OP • 4 yr. ago. On average, 1 cycle of IVF at CNY costs $4300, as opposed to most IVF clinics that cost at least $10,000. They have packages that cost about that much, but they are more like "money-back guarantee" packages, whole most clinics cost that much with no guarantee. My local clinic charges closer to $30,000 for that same guarantee. We are testing the embryos, and paid $11,000 at the start of the cycle, and around $5,000 for medication. The transfer costs $2,400 plus $1,500 to $3,000 for medications. A supportive and positive community to discuss your IVF journey. Please be sensitive and kind. 38K Members. IVF Hunger Games and Transfer data collection. Links are in the FAQ/wiki near the bottom in the IVF section. We are up to 213 IVF cycles and 153 transfer cycles! For those that are new, this is an anonymous form that allows you to enter some of the specifics of your retrievals which is super interesting and valuable to other members. In my head the more meds the better so has anyone been more sucessful one way or the other. Sorry two post kinda day. 2. Sort by: thedutchgirlmn. • 2 mo. ago. If you did a full stim transfer (so you ovulated), that is technically a modified natural. Fully medicated is when all your own hormones are suppressed and replaced with estrogen and ... The genetic screening test is $385 and Medicare do not at this point reimburse any of that. ETA this is the CF, FX and MD test. PGS testing is separate and is $790 per embryo. Future FETs from any frozen embryos we are able to obtain are charged at $1,200 each (not sure if that is up front or total OOP cost). The genetic screening test is $385 and Medicare do not at this point reimburse any of that. ETA this is the CF, FX and MD test. PGS testing is separate and is $790 per embryo. Future FETs from any frozen embryos we are able to obtain are charged at $1,200 each (not sure if that is up front or total OOP cost).Jun 20, 2019 ... 9 eggs may be on the low end of typical (8-15 seems pretty average), but getting 2 embryos out of 9 is average to good. Out of me and 3 IRL ...The funded cycle covers the egg retrieval and the transfer fees for ALL the embryos you make in that specific cycle. So if you are able to make 3 embryos during your funded cycle, the cost to transfer each one (roughly about $2-2500 per transfer) is covered. The funded cycle excludes all medication (related to ER or transfer) and PGT testing. 7. Record all your moods, symptoms, reactions, US results, nurse’s commentaries, changes in medication and why, post retrieval tracker, insurance issues, etc. Post-retrieval, stock up on salty snacks, protein/electrolyte water, bone broth, high protein snacks, etc. Start stool softeners a couple days before retrieval. March 16, 2024. The Washington Post via Getty Images. A cascade of new attacks on reproductive rights has continued to spread through the U.S. …First IVF cycle at age 35 in the Philippines. Hello everyone! I will be undergoing my first IVF this year. I am scared but at the same time excited for what's coming next. I am just a silent reader in this subreddit, but I truly appreciate everyone's insights and advice on how to deal with the pressure and stress that goes along with it.The court on Friday ruled that frozen embryos — which are used in IVF — are considered unborn children. Alabama voters amended their state …Jun 30, 2023 ... Had my first ET at 40, untested 3 day embryos. Severe DOR. Previously had several ER rounds where I produced no viable eggs, this last one - 2 ...I used to work at a fertility clinic, and ERA testing benefits around one in ten patients. You do the exact same thing as a FET except you do the embryo biopsy when you would do the transfer. Usually, we recommend it after a failed euploid transfer, but since you have two embryos total it might be worth it. One IVF cycle will cost a lot more ... Follistim (10 days @ 300 IU/day): $2495. Ganirelix (5 days @ 250 mcg/day): $411. Lupron trigger: free (would be $170 without clinic discount) HCG trigger: $88. So, I'm currently sitting at about $6250 in medication costs for one egg retrieval (and the meds for a transfer will probably cost an additional $4K or so). IVF terrible attrition - is it me or is it the lab? Need Hugs! Long story short, I’ve had 3 cycles of egg retrieval resulting in 18 eggs total. My aim was to bank some frozen embryos. First cycle was a total fail we only got 2, they froze, thawed and ISCI, one fertilised, zero made it to blast. Second: 8 eggs, IVF, 7 fertilised - 1 x “grade ...Low amh will reduce the number of eggs retrieved per round and higher dose of medications. My amh was low and we only got 8-11 eggs and only 2-3 embryos in my 2 fresh rounds. It could present a problem if genetic testing is needed because the embryos have to get to 5 days for freezing and that is risky with fewer embryos. Reply reply. lizzykang.Travel Question - IVF Pregnancy. Advice Needed! Hello! I am 31M married to 31F. We went through an IVF cycle last year and had two embryos. We went through FET for both and unfortunately, neither one of them stuck around. We did a 2nd IVF cycle earlier this year, and we had two embryos again. We did our first FET and found out that my wife got ...greenpinkie. •. As I understand it, babies conceived through IVF are more likely to have some health issues, but this is because of the characteristics of the parents who use IVF (as a group, older, more overweight, more likely to have health concerns). Reply reply. WeightExact8185.InvestorPlace - Stock Market News, Stock Advice & Trading Tips If you think Reddit is only a social media network, you’ve missed one of... InvestorPlace - Stock Market N...Result- 3 eggs, all immature, 1 matured in vitro but no fertilisation. Second cycle: Menopur 300IU, Orgalutran, Pregnyl 10,000IU. Result- 4 eggs collected, all mature. But only 1 fertilised and made it to day 5 blastocyst. Ended with a chemical pregnancy (hcg under 100- tested 4 times over 8 days) Third cycle: Menopur 300IU, Orgalutran, Pregnyl ...Just keep in mind that Ivf is def NOT a guarantee of a pregnancy or a live birth for that matter. My first transfer was a non-viable chemical pregnancy. Second transfer was my daughter. In addition, Ivf pregnancies do have a small, but increased risks such as the baby having heart defects. IVF process attrition. In the interest of soothing myself after a first cycle that yielded zero PGS normal embryos, I dug into the Hunger Games data on the r/infertility sub and created this graph of attrition along the IVF process. Helped put things in perspective. I hope this might help others. Most certainly not a random sample, but fun to ... Feb 16, 2023 ... If you used IVF and used each parents genetic material to create an embryo then that's more personal info that you don't necessarily have to ...Posted by u/Kbry03 - 6 votes and 13 commentsReddit is a popular social media platform that boasts millions of active users. With its vast user base and diverse communities, it presents a unique opportunity for businesses to ...My last FET, I ordered progesterone suppositories from MDR. As soon as they would dissolve they smelled like BURNT RUBBER. I know it was not anything to do with me, because I tested by putting some water on them, as they dissolved in my hand BURNT RUBBER smell. I’ve never had this before. Progesterone usually has no odor or almost …It depends on your lining. My lining was too thick at day3, took BCP for a week and wait few days for it to be thin enough. Then start taking letrozole for 5 days. Triggered 6 days later when lining reached 8.5 and follicle …Endocannabinoids, their metabolic enzymes and target receptors form the so called "endocannabinoid system" and they have been demonstrated to respond to fertility signals. In addition, they interfere with hormones, cytokines and other signalling molecules in both female and male reproductive events.Advertising on Reddit can be a great way to reach a large, engaged audience. With millions of active users and page views per month, Reddit is one of the more popular websites for ...Well, when it comes to in vitro fertilization (IVF, a form of assisted reproductive technology in which doctors combine egg and sperm in a lab dish …When people think of IVF they think of the shots, which it involves but the two main things are the egg retrieval (actual surgery) and the transfer (easy procedure). During the stimulation part with all the shots, you get monitored a bunch so being close to your clinic helps.Two PGT-A normal (day 5, both male) embryos resulted in one chemical and one live birth. ivfmumma_tryme. First fresh failed First FET faliled Second fresh successful Following FET successful. kelsey_woodhouse. First child- 2 FET. Currently pregnant with baby #2 with one FET. Age is an important factor in IVF.I started the IVF process November 2020 and got a positive pregnancy test in August 2021. I did test cycles starting in July 2020, started with 3 IUI cycles in September, October, and December 2020, then did an egg retrieval in March 2021. My …First IVF cycle at age 35 in the Philippines. Hello everyone! I will be undergoing my first IVF this year. I am scared but at the same time excited for what's coming next. I am just a silent reader in this subreddit, but I truly appreciate everyone's insights and advice on how to deal with the pressure and stress that goes along with it.IVF, transfer next week after many attempts of ttc. FET. A little back story on myself. My husband and I have been TTC for over two years now, 34F and 38M. Chemical pregnancy February 2022, chemical pregnancy may 2022, 7 week miscarriage September 2022, blighted ovum may 2023 (IUI), chemical pregnancy December 2023 (fresh transfer).Nov 16, 2022 ... You don't need to cut out all plastics. You can still have alcohol. You can still use all your regular cleaning products. Use what you have to ...When people think of IVF they think of the shots, which it involves but the two main things are the egg retrieval (actual surgery) and the transfer (easy procedure). During the stimulation part with all the shots, you get monitored a bunch so being close to your clinic helps.Bundl has been really easy for us to get authorizations, we have used three full rounds after one transfer failed. We did get the option which guarantees our money back if not successful- awaiting our third round stim results to see if we have anything to transfer. 1. r/IVF. Join.Speaking of affordable and successful IVF treatments in Mexico, there's another remarkable story that might interest you and others here. Sarah and David also had their IVF journey in Puebla, Mexico, and their experience highlights the quality and affordability of treatments available there. You can read about their journey and get some ...Nov 1, 2022 ... It's mentally and physically draining as well as financially. It can also cause issue between yourself and your partner. Everyone things it's so ...2. 1 yr. ago. First FET succeeded, I had a healthy pregnancy, and my son is about to turn six months old. Good luck! Things I did that probably made no difference: Ate bone broth & Brazil nuts leading up to FET. Did one single session of acupuncture before transfer. Had a very bad attitude and was super depressed during the TWW.Two IVF pregnancies to report here. First pregnancy, FET with untested day 5 blast. 8dpt - 71, 10dpt 140. Almost exactly doubled and resulted in live birth. Second FET with untested day 5 blast. 8dpt- 22. 10dpt- 15. 12dpt- 9. I expected low betas when FRERs didn’t turn positive until 6dpt. Chemical pregnancy.Here is the data sheet for this one and has a different view of success (includes ongoing pregnancy). This one with ~120 responses does show 19 instances of success with RPL. Data can contain biases of the community you are asking and how things are asked. This sample and the responses are not random. 2.Endocannabinoids, their metabolic enzymes and target receptors form the so called "endocannabinoid system" and they have been demonstrated to respond to fertility signals. In addition, they interfere with hormones, cytokines and other signalling molecules in both female and male reproductive events.Aside from that my doctor said they usually don’t use zomacton because it’s more expensive…I concur because it’s double for me out of pocket (Omni for 3 vials was about 900 and this one with a “deal” if I buy all my meds from this one pharmacy was $1600 for the same amount). As for dosing it’s very similar about 2mg a day … My IVF cost around $4000 - meds were about $3600. I did remote monitoring so that was paid to my ob. I also did an FET In July and that was $800 - $650 for the transfer and $150 for two add on services (hcg wash and Intralipid infusion) Reply reply. Acceptable_Shoe_1795. That would be prohibitively expensive for 99.99999% of people who use ivf (and ivf is already prohibitively expensive for most). My sister did ivf. Each egg retrieval got her ~20 eggs. After fertilization the vast majority don’t survive the 5d …Women smoking more than 90 times in their lifetime had 27% fewer oocytes retrieved (P = .03) and 1 fewer embryo transferred (P < .05)...Women smoking marijuana 1 year before IVF/GIFT had 25% fewer oocytes retrieved (P = .03), whereas couples had 28% (P = .04) fewer oocytes fertilized. Among 317 women (395 cycles) with a positive B-hCG, those ...1 comment 2 Posted by 19 hours ago Weekly Pregnancy Test Results & Early Pregnancy Concerns Thread This thread is for positive HPT or beta results. We …Advertising on Reddit can be a great way to reach a large, engaged audience. With millions of active users and page views per month, Reddit is one of the more popular websites for ...Of course some do get more than one, but that’s what our doctor told us.) Oh, in 2021 we paid $17,000 for 8 eggs. So that’s why for a second cohort, fresh becomes more cost-effective. • Clinics create the embryos, not the egg banks. • Fresh donor for more than one child. Being proven is important.Definitely possible for four eggs to yield a euploid embryo. Looks like statistically most likely result would be one euploid embryo, if you’re starting with four fertilized eggs. That said, there’s a lot of variation, and this is just looking at averages. Reply reply.The place for news articles about current events in the United States and the rest of the world. Discuss it all here. 2 more Alabama clinics pause IVF fertility treatment after court ruling. Christian fundamentalists are the American version of the Taliban. We need to get these people out of government & start taxing the churches. In a similar situation, I'm 40 and had my second ER last week - waiting for day 6 results today. AMH 1.4 was supposed to get 8 but, only got 4 on 1st ER - none of them made it to biopsy. This time we got 3, they all fertilized but only 2 were left yesterday. Hoping for quality embryo and waiting for my success story. Taking the right vitamins (Coq10 is great) and eating a nutritious diet (think leafy greens) will improve quality and count. Our doctor said to not leave too much time between "releasing" as it can lead to a poorer quality of sperm. Every other day is a good amount of time.

Follistim (10 days @ 300 IU/day): $2495. Ganirelix (5 days @ 250 mcg/day): $411. Lupron trigger: free (would be $170 without clinic discount) HCG trigger: $88. So, I'm currently sitting at about $6250 in medication costs for one egg retrieval (and the meds for a transfer will probably cost an additional $4K or so).. Cool math math games

reddit ivf

Hi all, I just wanted to share this in case anyone was looking, like me (desperately), for success stories from others who transferred Day 3 embryos. Some backstory. I'm 34F, partner 36M. I've had 2 IUIs (failed in 2019), 1 natural pregnancy that ended in MC (2019), then finally moved on to IVF. Pandemic derailed our plans so we …A community to celebrate the freedoms and share the struggles of living childfree after infertility. Please note: This board is ONLY for those who have tried unsuccessfully to conceive, stopped any medical treatment or efforts to adopt, and are embracing a childfree life. Those who are still trying but strongly facing the possibility of a childfree life after …Jun 15, 2021 ... IVF has a success rate of about 50% and articles like that are so misleading. She was told she had about a 1% chance, and it happened in her ...My last FET, I ordered progesterone suppositories from MDR. As soon as they would dissolve they smelled like BURNT RUBBER. I know it was not anything to do with me, because I tested by putting some water on them, as they dissolved in my hand BURNT RUBBER smell. I’ve never had this before. Progesterone usually has no odor or almost …There are a number of possible causes of a thin uterine lining, including certain medications, scar tissue, endometris, fibroids in the uterine wall and distal blockage of the fall...Mar 24, 2022 ... The ACOG recommends waiting 6-18 months at a minimum. Your body needs to heal, a new pregnancy can interfere with breast feeding and healing, ...A lot of women who do ivf actually get pregnant in between cycles. Basically their ovaries get a jumpstart from ivf. Your Body grows a number of follicles every month - sometimes more, sometimes less, but in a natural cycle only one egg will …Hi all, I just wanted to share this in case anyone was looking, like me (desperately), for success stories from others who transferred Day 3 embryos. Some backstory. I'm 34F, partner 36M. I've had 2 IUIs (failed in 2019), 1 natural pregnancy that ended in MC (2019), then finally moved on to IVF. Pandemic derailed our plans so we …May 28, 2019 ... Our first one was a real blow, 18 retrieved, 1 blast, pgs abnormal. Our second failed cycle was not as painful: 9 retrieved, 1 blast, pgs ...In my head the more meds the better so has anyone been more sucessful one way or the other. Sorry two post kinda day. 2. Sort by: thedutchgirlmn. • 2 mo. ago. If you did a full stim transfer (so you ovulated), that is technically a modified natural. Fully medicated is when all your own hormones are suppressed and replaced with estrogen and ...Stims day 8. I will be stimming for 11-12 days because my cycle was suppressed with est and pro. My e2 measured yesterday at 580, I have 14 follicles and some of those were under 10 mm at my monitoring appointment yesterday. I don’t think I have PCOS and no cysts were seen at ultrasound. I’m cramping heavily on and off, it’s switching ...AMH: 1.6. So far, despite getting more eggs and having a higher AMH prior to Endo surgery, I got a better quality egg after my surgery. However, my endo surgery made my AMH plummet. It went from 3.6 to 1.6 in 1 month. I'm hoping endo surgery = less eggs > quality. I'll keep you updated but hang in there! :) r/IVF.If you think that scandalous, mean-spirited or downright bizarre final wills are only things you see in crazy movies, then think again. It turns out that real people who want to ma...Covid Test. 1. £100. New stipulation for any surgeries involving sedation and the NHS had no testing capabilities at this time (a month ago) IVF Treatment Plan. 1. £7950. Covers unlimited embryo transfers until live birth, or 2 rounds of IVF if I run out. Medication.The place for news articles about current events in the United States and the rest of the world. Discuss it all here. 2 more Alabama clinics pause IVF fertility treatment after court ruling. Christian fundamentalists are the American version of the Taliban. We need to get these people out of government & start taxing the churches. In a similar situation, I'm 40 and had my second ER last week - waiting for day 6 results today. AMH 1.4 was supposed to get 8 but, only got 4 on 1st ER - none of them made it to biopsy. This time we got 3, they all fertilized but only 2 were left yesterday. Hoping for quality embryo and waiting for my success story. .

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