Subscribers191K191K. Video Views28,316,00228316002. Country. Channel Type Education education. User CreatedJan 4th, 2012. Get Social Blade Premium. User Summary Future Projections Detailed Statistics Featured Box Similar Channels User Videos Live Subscriber Count Achievements. Course length: Three Days. Course Description: Recognizing that low-light training is one of the most difficult areas to maintain proficiency and often one of the most neglected aspects of training in general, we have developed the Low Light Employment Instructor course to aid current and future instructors in development of course curriculum. Are you interested in learning more about the benefits and challenges of using pistol red dot sights for law enforcement officers? Check out this comprehensive white paper by Aaron Cowan, a leading instructor and researcher in this field, sponsored by the Kentucky Tactical Officers Association, a professional organization dedicated to enhancing the skills and …Who is Sage Dynamics. Sage Dynamics offers total-package training solutions for Citizens, Law Enforcement, Military and Private Security. Designed to introduce and build unconscious competence in real-world skills from the fundamental to expert level, Sage Dynamics places an exclusive focus on the reality on use of force situations faced by people from all walks of life …Sage Dynamics. · October 8, 2013 · Atlanta, GA ·. For the late crowd. Practice Tip Thirty One. Developing a consistent grip. Everyone know that grip is important, so this certainly isn’t written to insult anyone’s intelligence but I do think that many people can benefit from a little advice on the subject that may help them maximize ...Features. Grounded in psychology research but with a practical focus on organizational behavior issues, Group Dynamics for Teams helps readers understand and participate in teams more effectively in day-to-day work. Best-selling author Daniel Levi and new co-author David A. Askay thoroughly examine basic group dynamics concepts, such as …A lot of the video is Cowan shooting, dropping, or banging the gun or red dot sight against the barricade. [Please keep in mind that I'm still a novice shooter and new to the PDP (4" compact).] I was hoping for some more specific insight/commentary on trigger, handling, accuracy etc; and some points of comparison with his (I believe custom) Glock. Civilian. Registration requires state/government issued identification with CCW or submit to a background check. NOTICE: In accordance with ITAR regulations, Sage Dynamics Courses are open to US citizens only. Aug 18, 2015 · RECOIL contributor, Sage Dynamics HMFIC and Agent 47 Stunt Double Aaron Cowan has been putting the Trijicon Miniature Rifle Optic through its paces. Thus far he likes the wide field of view, which he advises is greater than the Micro (which most people consider to be the MRO's natural competitor), though the mount is “basic, but solid.” Sage Dynamics offers total-package training solutions for Citizens, Law Enforcement, Military and Private Security. Designed to introduce and build unconscious competence in real-world skills from the fundamental to expert level, Sage Dynamics places an exclusive focus on the reality on use of force situations faced by people from all walks of life and …PATROL RIFLE I | html_sage-dynamicsThe Vital Anatomy Targets by Sage Dynamics are one of my go-to targets. Whether I am training with pistol or rifle, these targets reinforce good shot placement with respect to defensive shooting (or offensive).Sage Dynamics is a company that produces videos on firearms training and education. You can support their work by joining their Patreon page and access exclusive posts, courses …class sage.dynamics.arithmetic_dynamics.affine_ds. DynamicalSystem_affine_field (polys_or_rat_fncts, domain) #. Bases: DynamicalSystem_affine, SchemeMorphism_polynomial_affine_space_field reduce_base_field #. Return this map defined over the field of definition of the …Sep 28, 2013 · Sage Actual. @SageDynamics. ·. Feb 10. You know, for all the people out there yelling about 10mm being the best caliber and all the flexing that does with it, in 11 years of teaching privately, I’ve not seen a single 10mm come though a class. I’ve literally seen more 5.7, 45 LC and 32 ACP than 10mm. 245. The Redware Sage 200 connector allows for a secure flow of data between Dynamics 365 and Sage 200, allowing you to enjoy the benefits of both solutions. The Redware solution is a reliable way to significantly speed up intra-platform tasks: invoice data, for example, can be automatically copied from Sage 200 to Dynamics 365, saving time and ...The Sage Dynamics upper receiver has a 12.5” barrel made from 4150 chrome moly vanadium that has been high pressure tested and magnetic particle tested. The barrel has a carbine length gas system, a 1-7 rate of twist, and a muzzle threaded ½-28. A muzzle device has been omitted as we know so many customers are running different kinds of ...Sage Intacct has 9.4 points for overall quality and 99% rating for user satisfaction; while Microsoft Dynamics NAV has 8.3 points for overall quality and 100% for user satisfaction. Similarly, you can also find out which software business is more reliable by sending an an email question to both and find out which company replies sooner.Sage Dynamics offers total-package training solutions for Citizens, Law Enforcement, Military and Private Security. Designed to introduce and build unconscious competence in real-world skills from the fundamental to expert level, Sage Dynamics places an exclusive focus on the reality on use of force situations faced by people from all walks of life and occupations.You're about to build a serious, hard-use, tactical AR-15 pistol or SBR..... What's the right upper receiver for such a gun? Maybe the Sons of Liberty Gun Wo...THIS IS A SERVICE TO MODIFY AN EXISTING P320. CUSTOMER MUST SUPPLY A COMPLETE P320. $1,980.00. Sage P320 Finishes *. Black. Serial # *. Qty: Overview. Agency Arms has teamed up with Aaron Cowan of Sage Dynamics to design his new signature series of pistols.Based on the dimensions and profile of the RCR and RMR-HD my guess would be the following: RCR = Yes RMR-HD = No . Pass on that price tag lmaoooo I’ll stick to my Rrms and sro. Trijicon voice- we know you all have been waiting! it’s only double the price at 800+ than anything else we offer lmaoooooo. Agency Arms has teamed up with Aaron Cowan of Sage Dynamics to design his signature series of pistols. The Agency Arms Glock 19X Sage Dynamics V2 pistol is unmatched in visual appeal with a custom design that excels in functionality and performance. Based on a Glock 19X frame, this striker fired 9mm pistol is appointed with the best Agency has to offer, including the Agency Arms Glock 19X ... Get more from Sage Dynamics on Patreon. Skip navigation. Log in. Create on Patreon. Log in. Join for free. Sage Dynamics. Locked. First Impression-Sig Romeo M17. Aug 10, 2023. The military spec Sig Romeo M-17 RDS for the M17/18 handgun. First thoughts. ...Learn how to improve your shooting skills with the Eleanor Drill, a modular exercise that tests precision and practical accuracy. The drill was inspired by the movie Gone In 60 …Sage Dynamics - 1 Sided Target $1.10 Quick Shop Travis Mills Foundation $1.10 Quick Shop PARADOX TRAINING $2.00 Quick Shop Suck Less $1.10 Quick Shop Synergy Training $2.00 Quick Shop Posse Comitatus - GUNS-1 $2.00 Quick Shop ... RDS Handgun Instructor | html_sage-dynamics. RDS Handgun Instructor. Course length: Three Days. Course Description: The optic equipped handgun is not a new concept, though in the last decade technology has improved to allow for the Miniature Red Dot Sight (MRDS) to be reliably mounted to handguns intended for duty and general self-defense carry. Apr 1, 2017 · Check in with their alumni group. “Realism is the key to success. Developing training to prove this truth, Sage Dynamics has invested heavily in psychological, physiological, anatomical, and bio-mechanical research. This knowledge paired with decades of experience gained from the law enforcement, military and private security fields, allows ... Sage 300 Cloud supports 57.4% and excels at Inventory Management, Project Management and Finance And Accounting. Dynamics 365 ERP has an analyst rating of 85 and a user sentiment rating of 'great' based on 4070 reviews, while Sage 300 Cloud has an analyst rating of 78 and a user sentiment rating of 'good' based on 274 …Description. Agency Arms has teamed up with Aaron Cowan of Sage Dynamics to design his new signature series of pistols. Sage Dynamics P320 Pistol. aggressive compound front and rear serrations. Top Serrations to increase surface area to improve manipulations from the front of the slide. Agency Optic System (AOS)On our comparison page, you can easily examine the features, pricing terms, available plans, and more details of Microsoft Dynamics NAV and Sage 100 ERP. It’s also possible to check their score (8.3 for Microsoft Dynamics NAV vs. 8.8 for Sage 100 ERP) and user satisfaction level (100% for Microsoft Dynamics NAV vs. 100% for Sage 100 ERP).Sage Intacct is intuitive and automates tasks, making it easier for many users to learn and navigate daily accounting tasks, unlike the potentially complex setup of Business Central. If you are looking for a cloud financial management solution you can have confidence in, Sage Intacct is a IFRS-compliant, best-in-class solution that helps ...The Sage Dynamics upper receiver has a 12.5" barrel made from 4150 chrome moly vanadium that has been high pressure tested and magnetic particle tested. The barrel has a carbine length gas system, a 1-7 rate of twist, and a muzzle threaded 1/2-28. A muzzle device has been omitted as we know so many customers are running different kinds of ...Are you interested in learning more about the benefits and challenges of using pistol red dot sights for law enforcement officers? Check out this comprehensive white paper by Aaron Cowan, a leading instructor and researcher in this field, sponsored by the Kentucky Tactical Officers Association, a professional organization dedicated to enhancing the skills and …23K views 6 years ago. Aaron Cowan of Sage Dynamics has developed an impressive resume. A highly regarded tactical instructor and writer, he has also lent his expertise to …Sage Dynamics offers total-package training solutions for Citizens, Law Enforcement, Military and Private Security. Designed to introduce and build unconscious competence in real-world skills from the fundamental to expert level, Sage Dynamics places an exclusive focus on the reality on use of force situations faced by people from all walks of life and …The Sage Dynamics upper receiver has a 12.5” barrel made from 4150 chrome moly vanadium that has been high pressure tested and magnetic particle tested. The barrel has a carbine length gas system, a 1-7 rate of twist, and a muzzle threaded ½-28. A muzzle device has been omitted as we know so many customers are running different kinds of ...K9 12.5" Sage Dynamics 5.56 NATO | Rosco Manufacturing The K9 12.5 offers a proprietary patrol length gas system that is smoother than carbine length, more reliable than mid-length. Features an optimized gas port to run reliably suppressed and/or ...Announcing the Sage Dynamics 13.7 Rifle. Posted on April 6, 2023 by Carlo Galinato. 06. Apr. We are happy to team up with Aaron Cowan of Sage Dynamics again to bring another iteration of his rifle. There are some key elements that have changed like his charging handle and ambi-lower designed by Forward Controls Designs.Learn how to improve your shooting skills with the Eleanor Drill, a modular exercise that tests precision and practical accuracy. The drill was inspired by the movie Gone In 60 …You're about to build a serious, hard-use, tactical AR-15 pistol or SBR..... What's the right upper receiver for such a gun? Maybe the Sons of Liberty Gun Wo...Jul 27, 2023 · The Sage Dynamic’s carbine billet lower receiver has the Sage Dynamics logo lasered onto the magazine well and is the product of another collaboration between Sons of Liberty Gunworks and ... Sage 300 Cloud supports 57.4% and excels at Inventory Management, Project Management and Finance And Accounting. Dynamics 365 ERP has an analyst rating of 85 and a user sentiment rating of 'great' based on 4070 reviews, while Sage 300 Cloud has an analyst rating of 78 and a user sentiment rating of 'good' based on 274 …Sage Dynamics offers total-package training solutions for Citizens, Law Enforcement, Military and Private Security. Designed to introduce and build unconscious competence in real-world skills from the fundamental to expert level, Sage Dynamics places an exclusive focus on the reality on use of force situations faced by people from all walks of life and …Get more from Sage Dynamics on Patreon. Skip navigation. Log in. Create on Patreon. Log in. Join for free. Sage Dynamics. Locked. Let’s make it even bigger. Mar 28, 2023. Join to unlock. 131. 6. Locked. By becoming a member, you'll instantly unlock access to 229 exclusive posts. 27. Images. 5.Based on the dimensions and profile of the RCR and RMR-HD my guess would be the following: RCR = Yes RMR-HD = No . Pass on that price tag lmaoooo I’ll stick to my Rrms and sro. Trijicon voice- we know you all have been waiting! it’s only double the price at 800+ than anything else we offer lmaoooooo.The Thyrm SwitchBack In Depth with Aaron Cowan- Sage Dynamics. Aaron Cowan of Sage Dynamics explains his experience with and tactics for utilizing the SwitchBack 2.0 …Aaron talks about the development of the Sage Dynamics edition handgun, built on the Glock 45 by Agency Arms as well as options and features.Learn how to teach students to use red dot sights on handguns for duty and self-defense. This course covers optic science, selection, malfunctions, stress inoculation, movement, …The dynamics of resilient families. Sage Publications, Inc. Abstract. Focuses on the resilient adaptation and creation of meaning for families facing health-related crisis as well as families' adjustments to unexpected life events and major changes. By looking to families coping with adversity for illustrations of how resilient family processes ... 149K Followers, 763 Following, 8,256 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Aaron Cowan (@sagedynamics) The Thyrm SwitchBack In Depth with Aaron Cowan- Sage Dynamics. Aaron Cowan of Sage Dynamics explains his experience with and tactics for utilizing the SwitchBack 2.0 …Explore the Sons of Liberty Gun Works Sage Dynamics LRF rifle, an AR-15 platform built with meticulous precision. Featuring a 13.7" pinned barrel, mid-length gas system, and an Olive Drab Green Cerakote finish, this rifle boasts premium components including Magpul MOE Grip, Magpul CTR Stock, a SOLGW M76 13" Rail, and Geissele G2S Trigger.The Sage Dynamics Instructor Development course is a five day, immersive program to instruct and guide students in teaching to an adult audience. With a primary focus on the instruction of firearm fundamentals and associated concepts and principals.The Sage Dynamics upper receiver has a 12.5" barrel made from 4150 chrome moly vanadium that has been high pressure tested and magnetic particle tested. The barrel has a carbine length gas system, a 1-7 rate of twist, and a muzzle threaded 1/2-28. A muzzle device has been omitted as we know so many customers are running different kinds of ...Early in 2013, Sage Dynamics began multiple studies and evaluations regarding Miniaturized Red Dot Sights (MDRS) for handguns. The red dot optic has already been established as a preferred and advantageous method of aiming for rifles in …High performance titanium bikes & frames. Voted best “All-Around Bike of the Year” by ROAD Magazine. Customize your build todaySage Dynamics offers total-package training solutions for Citizens, Law Enforcement, Military and Private Security. Designed to introduce and build unconscious competence in real-world skills from the fundamental to expert level, Sage Dynamics places an exclusive focus on the reality on use of force situations faced by people from all walks of life and …Sage Dynamics Science. Self-Defense. Fitness. Gear. Thursday, March 5, 2015. Ballistic Snake Oil . A Snake Oil Salesman is someone who pedals a product with wondrous promises or performance they know to be false. Made popular as a term (and profession) in the 19th century by traveling men with magic bottles of liquid that would cure all, the ... Sage Dynamics offers total-package training solutions for Citizens, Law Enforcement, Military and Private Security. Designed to introduce and build unconscious competence in real-world skills from the fundamental to expert level, Sage Dynamics places an exclusive focus on the reality on use of force situations faced by people from all walks of life and occupations. Features. Grounded in psychology research but with a practical focus on organizational behavior issues, Group Dynamics for Teams helps readers understand and participate in teams more effectively in day-to-day work. Best-selling author Daniel Levi and new co-author David A. Askay thoroughly examine basic group dynamics concepts, such as …Cultural Dynamics is a peer reviewed journal that seeks to publish research - and occasionally other materials such as interviews, documents and literary creations - focused on the structured inequalities of the contemporary world, and the myriad ways people … | View full journal description. This journal is a member of the Committee on ...Cultural Dynamics encourages authors to include a declaration of any conflicting interests and recommends you review the good practice guidelines on the Sage Journal Author Gateway. 2.6 Research Data The journal is committed to facilitating openness, transparency and reproducibility of research, and has the following research data …Sage Intacct is intuitive and automates tasks, making it easier for many users to learn and navigate daily accounting tasks, unlike the potentially complex setup of Business Central. If you are looking for a cloud financial management solution you can have confidence in, Sage Intacct is a IFRS-compliant, best-in-class solution that helps ...You may also assess their overall score (8.8 for Sage 100 ERP vs. 8.9 for Microsoft Dynamics GP) and overall customer satisfaction level (100% for Sage 100 ERP vs. 97% for Microsoft Dynamics GP). Devote time to assess your top alternatives and find out which one is ideal for your company. Similarly, you have to consider the vendor’s business ...Course Length: Two Days. Course Description: RDS Defensive Handgun I picks up where RDS Defensive Handgun leaves off. In this course, students will be required to perform in less-than-ideal shooting positions against less-than-ideal threats, fully utilizing the 3D nature of training. This class focuses almost exclusively on movement and ...A 360-degree view of your customer. Microsoft CRM Sage 200 Integration is the most powerful ERP and CRM integration on the market. Increase visibility of vital business information and give sales teams a company-wide view of customer accounts. As an accredited Microsoft CRM partner & Sage 200 Business Partner, AlphaLogix are the …Subscribers191K191K. Video Views28,316,00228316002. Country. Channel Type Education education. User CreatedJan 4th, 2012. Get Social Blade Premium. User Summary Future Projections Detailed Statistics Featured Box Similar Channels User Videos Live Subscriber Count Achievements.Cultural Dynamics is a peer reviewed journal that seeks to publish research - and occasionally other materials such as interviews, documents and literary creations - focused on the structured inequalities of the contemporary world, and the myriad ways people negotiate these conditions.Our approach is adamantly plural, following the basic …Sage Dynamics is a company that produces videos on firearms training and education. You can support their work by joining their Patreon page and access exclusive posts, courses …Sage Dynamics offers total-package training solutions for Citizens, Law Enforcement, Military and Private Security. Designed to introduce and build unconscious competence …Since 1998, our company’s passion is to empower organizations to automate business processes and maximize productivity. This brief guide illustrates several of the key benefits of migrating from Sage 50 to Dynamics GP for businesses. Download the Whitepaper on our Blog.Sage Dynamics offers total-package training solutions for Citizens, Law Enforcement, Military and Private Security. Designed to introduce and build unconscious competence in real-world skills from the fundamental to expert level, Sage Dynamics places an exclusive focus on the reality on use of force situations faced by people from all walks of life and …SKU: SAGE-LRF-13.7-OD Categories: Discount Exempt Products, Firearms And Lowers, Rifles Brand: Discount Exempt Products, SOLGW | Sons Of Liberty Gun Works. In partnership with Sage Dynamics (Aaron Cowan), SOLGW built this to AR Pistol to his specifications. Sons of Liberty Gun Works believes in several core values when building a hard use tool.General Dynamics Simunition Scenario Instructor with Safety Officer Certification. Fabrique Nationale d’Herstal FN-303 Less Lethal Launcher Instructor. California POST certified academy instructor. Aaron continues to serve in law enforcement in addition to being an instructor with Sage Dynamics.Microsoft Dynamics 365. Score 7.8 out of 10. N/A. Microsoft Dynamics 365 is a CRM providing sales, marketing, and service functionality. It is offered as SaaS and on-premise. Dynamics 365 is part of the larger Dynamics suite of business intelligence and ERP products. $ 44.Sage Dynamics offers total-package training solutions for Citizens, Law Enforcement, Military and Private Security. Designed to introduce and build unconscious competence in real-world skills from the fundamental to expert level, Sage Dynamics places an exclusive focus on the reality on use of force situations faced by people from all walks of life and …Developed by Sage Dynamics, the Eleanor Drill is intended to push shooters (specifically those using RDS-enabled firearms) to recognize impact of height-over-bore at varying distances. The drill utilizes a low-round count so that precision, transition, and target acquisition are emphasized. Download target PDF: Eleanor Drill - …Share your videos with friends, family, and the world Sage Dynamics offers total-package training solutions for Citizens, Law Enforcement, Military and Private Security. Designed to introduce and build unconscious competence in real-world skills from the fundamental to expert level, Sage Dynamics places an exclusive focus on the reality on use of force situations faced by people from all walks of life and occupations. 23K views 6 years ago. Aaron Cowan of Sage Dynamics has developed an impressive resume. A highly regarded tactical instructor and writer, he has also lent his expertise to …You're about to build a serious, hard-use, tactical AR-15 pistol or SBR..... What's the right upper receiver for such a gun? Maybe the Sons of Liberty Gun Wo...Early in 2013, Sage Dynamics began multiple studies and evaluations regarding Miniaturized Red Dot Sights (MDRS) for handguns. The red dot optic has already been established as a preferred and advantageous method of aiming for rifles in …Zeroing a Red Dot Magnifier with Sage Dynamics. Red dot sights (RDS) are commonly used on handguns and rifles. They’re lightweight and versatile, helping you get accurate hits out to a certain distance. How far that distance is going to be depends on a lot of factors including skill level and the capabilities of the gun you’re using. Learn how to improve your credit score with Sage Dynamics, a leading provider of firearms and tactical training. This PDF document explains the factors that affect your credit rating, the benefits of having a good score, and the steps you can take to repair your credit history. Download the PDF and start building your credit sage today. Here you can also match their overall scores: 8.9 for Microsoft Dynamics GP vs. 9.4 for Sage Intacct. Or you can look at their general user satisfaction rating, 97% for Microsoft Dynamics GP vs. 99% for Sage Intacct. We suggest that you spend some time to analyze their unique features and figure out which one is the better choice for your ...May 12. Sage Actual. @SageDynamics. ·. Apr 18. If every American had to pay taxes for one year as a small business owner, we would have already burned this mf’er down. …Aaron talks about the development of the Sage Dynamics edition handgun, built on the Glock 45 by Agency Arms as well as options and features.Low Light Employment Instructor | html_sage-dynamics
Dynamics 365 Business Central, formerly known as Dynamics NAV, is a widely used ERP platform that benefits businesses of small and medium sizes. It’s a multi-faceted ERP product that assists in the streamlining of aspects such as accounting, contact management and inventory management. This program has high integration capabilities due to its .... The bagel deli and restaurant
Description. Agency Arms has teamed up with Aaron Cowan of Sage Dynamics to design his new signature series of pistols. Sage Dynamics P320 Pistol. aggressive compound front and rear serrations. Top Serrations to increase surface area to improve manipulations from the front of the slide. Agency Optic System (AOS) Sage Dynamics offers total-package training solutions for Citizens, Law Enforcement, Military and Private Security. Designed to introduce and build unconscious competence in real-world skills from the fundamental to expert level, Sage Dynamics places an exclusive focus on the reality on use of force situations faced by people from all walks of life and occupations.Low Light Employment Instructor | html_sage-dynamics Course Description: Our Force Focus Fundamentals course is a reality-based training evolution designed to introduce and train students in the physiological and psychological conditions experienced during a use of force encounter. This course utilizes Simunition Non-Lethal Training Ammunition and weapons to immerse the student in scenario based ... Watch Control the Gun's review and check out his channel - https://www.youtube.com/@controlthegunKeep the content flowing on …Sage Dynamics offers total-package training solutions for Citizens, Law Enforcement, Military and Private Security. Designed to introduce and build unconscious competence … Aaron discusses the Sage Cadence Standards drill used in Sage Dynamics Handgun courses. Feb 26, 2019 · An LPVO can do everything a red dot sight can to nearly the same efficiency a red dot can. The only thing the red dot excels at functionally is the issue of eye relief. A red dot cannot do everything an LPVO can, especially when it comes to target observation at any significant distance. You can hit a static target at distance with irons, a red ... A follow-up to my compensator on pistol video, today I review the Agency Arms Sage Dynamics Glock Compensator. Subscribe if you enjoy my content. Video: http...71%. Requirements Summary Of typical requirements, 55% are fully supported out of the box by Sage X3 including Purchase Order Management, Inventory Management and Warehouse Management. Dynamics 365 SCM supports 71.2% and excels at Procurement And Supplier Management, Inventory Management and Purchase Order Management.The Sage Dynamics upper receiver has a 12.5” barrel made from 4150 chrome moly vanadium that has been high pressure tested and magnetic particle tested. The barrel has a carbine length gas system, a 1-7 rate of twist, and a muzzle threaded ½-28. A muzzle device has been omitted as we know so many customers are running different kinds of ...In this video, I talk a little about the Sage Dynamics Course I did over the weekend. A brief 'interview' with Aaron Cowan (Sage Dynamics lead instructor) wh...Microsoft Dynamics 365. Score 7.8 out of 10. N/A. Microsoft Dynamics 365 is a CRM providing sales, marketing, and service functionality. It is offered as SaaS and on-premise. Dynamics 365 is part of the larger Dynamics suite of business intelligence and ERP products. $ 44.Initial RDS acquisition (from draw) Reacquiring the RDS from Atypical positions (reload, ready positions etc) Grip improvement. Maximizing trigger control. Personal diagnostics from RDS behavior. Maximizing target focus shooting. Threat anatomy. Malfunction clearing (immediate and remedial action) Optic malfunctions..