2024 Ranch house update exterior

This complete remodel of a 1980's red brick ranch house transform the home from boring to amazing. All existing ceilings were raised to create a more spacious interior. Also included in the project was a 3 -car garage addition with guest quarters above. Photos by Robert Clark and Joel Van Dyke. Save Photo.. What's on metv right now

Though keeping with the streamlined style typical of Colonial homes, this facade lacked dimension and personality. A narrow roof overhang and simple entrance resulted in a missed opportunity for outdoor living. A front porch remodel added architectural detail to create a more inviting exterior space. Peter Walters.Steps to our Remodeling Update with Before and After Pictures. 1. MET WITH A PROFESSIONAL DESIGNER. First, we met with a professional designer, Angie Geren. She took pictures of the outside of our home and took notes of what changes we wanted. We knew we wanted the stucco corner quins off and the stucco trim around the …This beautiful 2 story kitchen remodel was created by removing an unwanted bedroom. The increased ceiling height was conceived by adding some structural columns and a triple barrel arch, creating a usable balcony that connects to the original back stairwell and overlooks the Kitchen as well as the Greatroom. This dramatic renovation took place ...1970’s Ranch House Exterior update! Lindsay Pratt. 10 months ago. Hi! We are wanting to modernize the exterior of our 1970’s home with the yellow/blonde brick. The previous owners added the carport and stone which makes it all the more tricky. I am team PAINT the Brick my husband team try to tone down the yellow with new trim and siding paint.Update Exterior of 1990's Ranch. am1121. 7 years ago. We've done a lot of work on the interior but this is the year of the exterior. Looking for help on updating the front of the house and new paint job. So far we have a new roof, have ordered new windows (clear glass, no panes) and have got on the books with painter in July.While mid-century was having its heyday in the 1960s, so were natural elements on home design such as brick and stone. For this reason, many original mid-century homes feature these elements. However, we're here to show you a different twist to updating mid-mod building materials. The two-tone paint updates the look and adds interest to the ...Replace exterior doors - Adding a glass patio door in the back of your home or a French-style door at the main entrance can improve entryways and bring light into some of the more high-traffic areas of the home. Add skylights - For those who want to see a dramatic change in their ranch style home, skylights will counter the effect of low ...of 26. Kim Cornelison Photography Inc. Refresh a plain concrete walkway to boost your exterior's character. Install brick edging or apply a colorful concrete stain to the surface for a playful touch. This inexpensive curb appeal idea is a quick way to transform your front entry, driveway, or garden path.Ranch-style homes enjoyed immense popularity from the 1950s to the 1970s. Today many of those same homes are still around — faux-wood paneling, avocado-green tile and all. If you are looking to update a ranch-style home, gather inspiration from these 10 homeowners who have brought their homes into the 21st century with style.Sep 21, 2021 - Explore Jocelyn Smyers's board "exterior colors for ranch style" on Pinterest. See more ideas about exterior colors, house paint exterior, exterior house colors.Ideas to update exterior of 1950s ranch house? We'll replace the lava rocks with lawn and remove the flat-top hedges. Do you see other ways to update the exterior? E.g. What color should we paint the house and should the brick be the same color?A couple bought a brick ranch home in Kirkwood with an eye toward it being their "forever home.". While the house had good bones, they wanted to update the place for how they lived, so they teamed with Mosby Building Arts for a whole house remodel. The scope of work included all new windows, doors, painting, lighting and new or restored ...This ranch-style design is also suitable for houses with gable and valley roofs since it makes the home look larger and more noticeable. For homeowners who like to have a long pathway and an English-style front garden, choose any earth tone colors as a finishing touch. 3. Contemporary Neutral Color Scheme.Nov 30, 2021 - Explore Dmerkersonpb's board "L shape Ranch Exterior Remodel" on Pinterest. See more ideas about house plans, house design, house. DESIGNING A PRAIRIE RANCH HOUSE: First, treat the roof with a simple 3-tab asphalt shingle in a tone slightly darker than the already existing brick accent. This style is all about simple lines and the 3-tab fits the bill. Next, choose a warm neutral tan to cover the stucco and trim, including the garage door. April 29, 2021. Ranch-style homes exploded in popularity in the 1940s and stayed popular through the 1970s in the United States. In fact, during the 1970s, over 60 percent of new homes built in the United States were ranch-style homes. Eventually, the popularity of ranch-style homes was overtaken by the larger custom homes of the 1980s, but ...Jul 9, 2020 - Explore Lesley McGinnis's board "Two story ranch exterior" on Pinterest. See more ideas about house exterior, house design, house styles.This 1960s ranch-style bungalow has been skilfully updated to create a home that's perfect for modern living. The entire exterior has been painted black, giving the house a sleek, contemporary look. Inside, every room has been given a new lease of life with streamlined design and Reform cabinetry.Jun 12, 2021 - Explore Q.'s board "Ranch House Update" on Pinterest. See more ideas about exterior remodel, ranch house, exterior makeover.If you have an older house, you might also have a carport — and you might be looking for ways to update it without having to totally demo the whole thing. Designer Sav Gordon has proved it’s possible. Her curb appeal refresh for this 1957 brick ranch home took the the driveway from dated to defined, all without losing the signature feature of …32 Gray Exterior Color Schemes For a Modern Spin on a Classic Look. If the main color of your house exterior is a shade of gray, you can use several complementary colors to create the perfect color scheme. Pairing light, medium, or dark grays with another color (or two) on trim, shingles, porch columns, railings, garage doors, front doors, and ...You are really going to like this one. One of my friends from my church and fellow choir member, Andrea, has lived in this 1950's brick ranch house off the Marietta square for 14 years. She bought it from her mother and has never made it her own. She got married 6 years ago to David and now she has a partner to help her with updates to this ...Jan 29, 2024 - Explore Andi Metts's board "1960's era house exterior transformations", followed by 289 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about house exterior, exterior remodel, exterior makeover.While mid-century was having its heyday in the 1960s, so were natural elements on home design such as brick and stone. For this reason, many original mid-century homes feature these elements. However, we're here to show you a different twist to updating mid-mod building materials. The two-tone paint updates the look and adds interest to the ...5 years ago. Hi all, I’m interested in gathering some ideas to update our dated 1960’s red brick ranch. It still has the original builder’s cottage style shutters. I‘d like to update with more modern shutters in black for a traditional look, but open to suggestions on giving it a more midcentury modern update and remove the shutters all ...Dec 30, 2021 - update ranch exterior - Yahoo Image Search Results. Dec 30, 2021 - update ranch exterior - Yahoo Image Search Results. Pinterest. Today. Watch. Shop. Explore. Log in. Sign up. Explore. Home Decor. ... Ranch House Exterior Makeover. 16 Modern Rustic House Exterior Makeovers | brick&batten.Jun 9, 2021 - Explore Sandy Jones's board "1980's Ranch Remodel" on Pinterest. See more ideas about ranch remodel, house exterior, house design.Oversized windows on the exterior of this Modern Ranch House Plan ensure a light and airy interior throughout the 2,617 square feet of living space.A linear fireplace adds to the family room and formal entry, while and an oversized opening creates a seamless transition into the eat-in kitchen.U-shaped cabinetry surrounds a prep island in the kitchen and a hidden walk-in pantry with natural ...Jun 18, 2022 - Explore Sharon Lester's board "Ranch house update" on Pinterest. See more ideas about house exterior, ranch house, exterior remodel.New outdoor lantern. Replaced front door with Dutch door. Before: cracked concrete patio. After: New Trex Deck and railings. Before: dangerous concrete and unwelcoming porch. After: new concrete, Dutch door and a refreshed porch. Tore out our side yard and created a patio. New posts and light on the porch. Before: the house from the backyard.CURB APPEAL How to Update a Traditional Exterior With Color By Eco+Historical, Inc. Keep those historic architectural details — a few gallons of paint may be all you need to give a traditional facade a stylish new twistWith plenty of free space both inside and out, homeowners of ranch houses have the option to add pools, gardens, garages, and more to create an ideal home. Don't hesitate to reach out today if you need any help finding your dream ranch house plan! Just email, live chat, or call 866-214-2242. Country House Plans Farmhouse Plans Cabin House Plans.First, it would look totally random on just the two windows. Second, the windows on your house have nice, wide trim. This is something we often recommend to our eDesign exterior clients all around the country. Ample, beautiful wide trim does not scream for shutters like others might.May 15, 2021 - Explore Ambeer Rococo's board "Rectangular Ranch curb appeal" on Pinterest. See more ideas about house exterior, ranch curb appeal, curb appeal.After: Soft White. Design by Mel Bean Interiors / Photo by Laurey Glenn. Painting the exterior brick with Sherwin-Williams Accessible Beige (lightened to 50%) created a bit more contrast that helped define the brick and stone portions of the facade. The window trim was painted with Sherwin-Williams Iron Ore, a charcoal gray that complements the ...Jun 18, 2022 - Explore Sharon Lester's board "Ranch house update" on Pinterest. See more ideas about ranch house, house exterior, exterior remodel.Jan 13, 2019 ... Meet Meghan. Meet Meghan. I'm a first-time mom living on the shoreline of Connecticut and am all about healthy living, traveling, beauty, home ...Oct 15, 2021 · Factors such as natural lighting, undertones, and your property’s fixed elements will have a significant impact on how a color will appear on your exterior. Our friends at Samplize offer extra-large 9 x 14.75 inch peel-and-stick paint samples of the colors we love for exteriors. Order your ‘Real Paint, No Mess’ samples from Samplize here. Design Platform. 1. Inherited ‘60s ranch house in Denver. Looking to sell the closed-in home, the owners paid special attention to opening up the kitchen and renovating it. Tip: They saved money by using Ikea cabinets, then enhanced them by adding custom hardware and wrapping the sides in white oak for contrast.Ranch house plans are traditionally one-story homes with an overall simplistic design. These houses typically include low, straight rooflines or shallow-pitched hip roofs, an attached garage, brick or vinyl siding, and a porch. Modern ranch home plans combine the classic look with present-day amenities and have become a favored house design ... Mar 30, 2024 - Looking for a way to jazz up the front of our ranch house. long horizontal line needs to be broken up. See more ideas about house exterior, ranch house, exterior remodel. Jan 6, 2017 ... Subscribe - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaIagYBCTympqr9pdDF8-YA?sub_confirmation=1 . . Modern Day OptX Glasses New York ...Are you planning to renovate or update the exterior of your home? If so, using a home exterior visualizer can be a game-changer. With this innovative tool, you can experiment with ...Ideas to update exterior of 1950s ranch house? We'll replace the lava rocks with lawn and remove the flat-top hedges. Do you see other ways to update the exterior? E.g. What color should we paint the house and should the brick be the same color?Back to Blog Jun 28, 2021. Ranch Home Remodels. Written By Window World. Exterior Renovations. Tips. How to update the exterior of a ranch-style house. The “ranch house” has been an essential part of American architecture and American living for nearly a century.Remove dated architectural elements. Wrought iron railings, aluminum storm doors and aluminum awnings scream 1970s suburbia. To achieve an updated exterior, replace outdated architectural features with new and modern alternatives. For example, remove an old steel front door and replace it with a wood one. Add a fresh coat of paint or new siding ...Remember to choose this white ranch-style when you reside in bright, atmospheric locations. 11. Cottage Style Ranch Homes. Cottage-style ranch homes come with the coziness of a cottage within the functionality of ranch style. This style's key feature is its exterior design, which creates a warm atmosphere, the reminiscence of a country retreat.These exterior renovations show you don’t have to compromise your style, and that there are so many ways to customize and modernize an ‘outdated’ home’s appearance. When architect Eric Olsen …The first part of the exterior makeover was my DIY limewash stone columnproject that I shared a couple of weeks ago. That transformed the bright orange rock column to a more neutral beige color that helped remove some of the 1970’s vibe of the house. After that, we had to pick our paint colors.The exterior of the house is going to be a combination of vinyl Cedar Impressions and Monogram siding, both from Certainteed. We opted for the color ‘Herringbone’ which is a light neutral color. The cedar shingles are the 5″ Triple Saw Mill Straight Edge, so they’ll have a smaller, smoother look.The first part of the exterior makeover was my DIY limewash stone columnproject that I shared a couple of weeks ago. That transformed the bright orange rock column to a more neutral beige color that helped remove some of the 1970’s vibe of the house. After that, we had to pick our paint colors.Nov 26, 2021 - Explore Heather Owen's board "Exterior Update", followed by 148 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about house exterior, ranch house, house design.Ranch exterior update design ideas. HU-791093727. last year. ... Well the house is definitely ranch, not bungalow. Currently house is 3 bdrm 2 bath 1700 sq ft on single floor which is being expanded off back to add 1300 sq ft including great room with kitchen open to family room, master bedroom and bathroom. ...Jul 7, 2023 · Try a Whitewash. To highlight some of your bricks’ texture and color to show through, try whitewashing your brick exterior. Whitewash is a 50/50 mix of water and latex paint that provides a transparent effect. Whitewashing brick can last decades, just be sure to pick a shade that will look good with your brick color while closely matching ... In particular, the white brick house has been trending for years and remains popular with our clients and designers alike. Our designers at brick&batten have deep experience in the details involved with painting brick homes. If you need help choosing a color or accents, or even whether to keep your brick, paint, or limewash, our exterior design ...May 5, 2018 - Explore Elizabeth Tardif's board "Raised ranch redo", followed by 194 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about house exterior, split foyer, ranch remodel.The Mary Todd Lincoln House is a historic landmark in Lexington, Kentucky, that offers visitors a fascinating glimpse into the Victorian era architecture. The exterior of the Mary ...Jun 20, 2022 - Explore Christina Flora's board "exterior ranch style updates" on Pinterest. See more ideas about home exterior makeover, house exterior, exterior remodel.Space, accessibility and relaxed living make ranch homes popular, but their exteriors can be dull. Try these low-cost ideas for giving their outsides a little oomph. In the 1950s, ... or updated hardware and house numbers can all do the trick. Swap in new accent lighting to brighten up the area, and add a porch swing or a bistro table-and-chair ...Light Brick House Exterior A Modern White Brick Dream Home with Clever Colorful Accents As you know, we love a layered neutral look, but have recently been receiving follower requests for inspiration that shows how to incorporate more color into the look.First, it would look totally random on just the two windows. Second, the windows on your house have nice, wide trim. This is something we often recommend to our eDesign exterior clients all around the country. Ample, beautiful wide trim does not scream for shutters like others might.⚡Similar questions on request: "how to change the exterior of a 1960's ranch house?"⚡ How do you modernize a ranch house exterior? How to update the exterior of a ranch-style house. 1) Add differing heights in landscaping. … 2) Draw attention to the front door. … 3) Add a porch or patio area to the front of the home. …Mar 27, 2018 - Explore Dione DeMitro's board "Exterior ranch remodel" on Pinterest. See more ideas about ranch remodel, house exterior, exterior remodel.Painting a 1,000 to 1,500-square-foot single-story ranch house averages $1,500 to $3,500. Height increases costs, so painting a two-story home can cost up to 50 percent more. The cost to repair ...1. Provia Visualizer (Online Software) Example: Provia is an easy-to-use home exterior visualizer. You can upload your own photo or use one of many photos provided by them. You can customize the following: Siding / exterior color and material. Windows. Front door.Updated Ranch House with bay windows. Large concrete tiles and stone path leading to an updated entry area with custom designed front door and gray slate flooring.#6 // Red Brick + Wood Veneer. This modern home had a darker red brick that lends itself nicely to pairing with wood siding. We recommended using a composite wood grain siding option from Woodtone under the front gable. Black and charcoal gray comes in on the new roof, modern garage door, exterior lighting family, and the trim, … Hello! I'm interested in updating the exterior of my 1960s ranch house and have some ideas but am in need of some guidance. Context - Ranch house in a coastal, woodsy area that is often foggy. - Paver driveway with grey, blue, and brown tones. Paver patio in backyard with grey pavers. - Brown roof - New front door will replace the one in pictures. The Bottom Line on Modern Ranch Style Homes. Ranch style homes are an American staple, present in almost every neighborhood across the USA. Whether blending rustic and natural elements into the exterior design or using bright, contrasting colors to highlight architectural features, updating your ranch house to suit modern styles and needs is a great way to improve curb appeal.by Christine Chang Hanway Published: August 25, 2012. Every remodel has its budget. This week, E. B. Min from Min|Day talks us through spreading a budget effectively while spending it in the right places, as in this conversion of a 1970s ranch house into a modern farmhouse. For the next 48 hours, E. B. Min, the SF-based architect of this ...A Utah couple gives a boxy ranch charming dimension with a deep front porch that invites friends, family, and even local wildlife. When Jenn Gubler carries her bowl of granola to the porch in the morning, scuff marks on the ipe wood decking tell her deer visited overnight. "They eat the sweet potato vine out of our hanging pots," she says.The White House’s exterior walls are made of white painted Aquia Creek sandstone that was quarried by slaves. This is the same stone that was used to build the Capitol building.Ranch House Exterior Remodel Ideas Cost. The final price tag for a renovated property will depend on the complexity and number of necessary repairs. The typical cost to renovate a home's exterior is between $5,000 and $15,000. Most of the budget will likely go toward cosmetic improvements, such as new exterior paint and siding for the outside ...How to Update the Exterior of a Ranch Style House. Home & Garden. If you are planning to change the exterior of your ranch style house, you have come to the right place. You …DIY wood wreath using scrap wood: $0 ( tutorial here) Grand Total: $85. Pretty sweet for such a huge change! Inexpensive ideas to add curb appeal to an ugly brick ranch or any dated home. How to choose a front door color, updated lighting, and accessories.Warner/Erickson Residence. The existing 1950’s ranch house was remodeled by this firm during a 4-year period commencing in 1997. Following the Phase I remodel and master bedroom loft addition, the property was sold to the …Sep 13, 2022 ... This small budget house flip set a NEW RECORD! The home renovation took only 5 weeks and the home was sold in 4 days!Update your home's energy efficiency with new ... Accent details can take a house that is nice and transform it into a house with eye catching style. ... Ranch ...According to House Beautiful, there are a few things that are necessary to define ‘rustic’ — a fairly broad term that encompasses many styles. Whether your home leans more toward lodge rustic, cottage, Tuscan, or farmhouse, a rustic home should have these 3 components: Emphasis on natural: color scheme, furnishings, lighting.Today I'm sharing a great collection of ideas for updating your home's exterior and adding curb appeal, with a focus on ideas that will work for our raised ranch 70's style home exterior makeover. Whew! It feels like full-on summer around here the last few days and we've still got a month of school left.Jun 24, 2022 - These 16 modern rustic house exterior makeovers will inspire you to combine opposites in interesting ways to create the home of your dreams. Pinterest. Today. Watch. Shop. Explore. Log in. Sign up. Explore. ... Brick Ranch House Exterior. Modern Farmhouse Front Porch. Modern Ranch Exterior Makeover. Brick Ranch Houses. Ranch Home ...Piney Point Ranch. RD Architecture, LLC. Remodeling and adding on to a classic pristine 1960's ranch home is a challenging opportunity. Our clients were clear that their own sense of style should take precedence, but also wanted to honor the home's spirit. Our solution left the original home as intact as possible and created a linear ...Update the lower façade. If the lower half of your house is clad in outdated stucco, brick or tile, it may be time for an update. Redo the lower façade in a new material like cedar clapboard or stone. Or keep rocking it, and just add landscaping to complement the existing materials! Consider a new roof color.This is the color combination you should opt for if you don’t want to entirely use soft colors for your exterior, yet think that bright colors are not really for you. The door here was finished with Benjamin Moore – Oriole. 2. Combination of Gray Wall and White Trim as an Exterior Color for a Ranch House.By Maureen November 16, 2015. Sometimes finding your dream house means some serious home renovation! My sister and her husband have been talking about moving for quiet a while now and they found theirs in a 1980's ranch home! They wanted to move out into the "country" a little bit. Before the deal closed, I got to go through it when the ...See how brick&batten designers, architects, and graphics turn these traditional ranch homes into absolute stunners… with before & after curb appeal makeovers. According to Zillow, nine of ten houses, in the 1950’s and 60’s were ranch style. As the 80’s hit, people were opting for more square footage; however, the …Welcome to Rondell's completely renovated and updated 1980's ranch style home tour. You know I love the 80's but sometimes, things need to be changed. So here you go…. I was so excited to have my home shown on Deb's blog, excited and scared, I have seen so many beautiful homes shown here and was so intimidated when Deb asked but I ... May 31, 2022 - Explore Brooke Smith's board "Ranch style house exterior update", followed by 111 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about house exterior, house colors, house design. Here are some pictures of houses with white windows and different exterior colors. If you have a dark gray exterior a black door isn't going to pop. Consider a more lively color to draw attention to it. I also think dark gray on your house would be a little depressing because the front is so broad and you don't have a lot of glass. This renovation/addition transformed a non-descript raised-ranch into a unique island home, better suited to its Vineyard Haven neighborhood on Martha’s Vineyard. A cantilevered bay over the garage draws attention away from the existing front garage doors, while a dormered addition off to the side beckons visitors to the reconfigured entrance. Ranch house exterior update! Britt Berrett. 9 years ago. I plan to add a 2 1/2 car garage, an office and a backyard deck. But before I start scouting out an architect and designer, thought I would throw it out to this talented group! The house sits on 3 wooded acres in northern Texas and anything is possible. The exterior budget is $100k.

7. Roofline Extension Exterior Window Trim. Create continuity by elongating the visual lines already set by rooftop features. By matching style and color, a visual roofline extension that extends to the exterior window trim can create a put-together appearance that also helps the home appear slightly taller.. Mary alice parker abc news

Aug 10, 2020 ... Whether you own a 1950s style ranch house that you're looking to remodel or just love a good home makeover, you will appreciate this ...DESIGNING A PRAIRIE RANCH HOUSE: First, treat the roof with a simple 3-tab asphalt shingle in a tone slightly darker than the already existing brick accent. This style is all about simple lines and the 3-tab fits the bill. Next, choose a warm neutral tan to cover the stucco and trim, including the garage door. The Council Crest Residence is a renovation and addition to an early 1950s house built for inventor Karl Kurz, whose work included stereoscopic cameras and projectors. Designed by prominent local architect Roscoe Hemenway, the house was built with a traditional ranch exterior and a mid-century modern interior. We are making some modifications to the exterior of our red brick 1970"s ranch. We are removing the 2 middle front porch posts (replacing the shape of the posts) and would like to replace the siding under the front porch windows and the gable end front and back. The two ideas we have are 1. using a vertical board and batten or 2. using hardie ...Sep 3, 2021 ... Join me, Orly Shani, as I show you how to transform the front of the house to increase its curb appeal! SHOP MY NEW MERCH!Dec 16, 2019 - Explore Sarah Snavely's board "Ranch update Before & After", followed by 1,471 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about exterior remodel, exterior makeover, house exterior.Keyword Research: People who searched updating 70s ranch exterior also searchedSep 13, 2022 - Explore Lindsy Faulkenberry's board "Exterior update" on Pinterest. See more ideas about ranch house exterior, home exterior makeover, exterior remodel.There's no doubt that on its own, Menards design-it-center is an excellent exterior visualizer app that one could access for free. However, after a little nitpicking, we've found out that the application isn't as versatile as the Provia Visualiser. Compared to that, you get a minimal choice of design and alteration.Long time reader, first time poster here! I recently purchased my first home, a brick ranch house built in 1954, and I would love to change up the front of the house and the front yard. I am surrounded by similar red brick homes and I would like to stand out and incorporate some mid-century style. ...#1 // Front porch bay window. This home's screened-in porch once obscured one of the most charming elements of its exterior: the bay window. By changing the porch type to an open-air design, the bay window becomes visible from the curb. The bay window trim is the same color — Benjamin Moore's Cloud Cover — as the rest of the trim, as well as the eaves, columns, and porch railing ...Transform the look of your 1960s ranch house exterior with these modernizing ideas. Enhance curb appeal and give your home a fresh, updated appearance.Dec 16, 2019 - Explore Sarah Snavely's board "Ranch update Before & After", followed by 1,471 people on Pinterest. See more ideas about exterior remodel, exterior makeover, house exterior.Before: The typical 1960s ranch house exterior features a single-story layout with a low-pitched roof, simple trim, and a lack of decorative elements. The materials commonly used include brick or wood siding, and the color palette tends to be muted. The windows are usually horizontally oriented, and the overall look lacks depth and character.When it comes to designing the exterior of your house, creating a timeless and elegant look is key. An attractive exterior not only enhances the curb appeal of your home but also s...Ranch house plans are a classic American architectural style that originated in the early 20th century. These homes were popularized during the post-World War II era, when the demand for affordable housing and suburban living was on the rise. Ranch-style homes quickly became a symbol of the American Dream, with their simple yet functional ....

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