Depraved indifference vs reckless endangerment - Four times in the past three years, the New York Court of Appeals has considered the meaning of depraved indifference murder, Penal Law 125.25 (2), and three times it has overturned murder ...

 
Depraved Indifference Robert K. Tanenbaum. Dutton Books, $18.95 (296pp) ISBN 978--453-00679-8. Former assistant DA Tanenbaum ( No Lesser Plea ) enjoys an insider's perspective on the court system .... Bryan county ga jail mugshots

Jan 22, 2024 ... Those charged with reckless endangerment may face serious repercussions, including felony or misdemeanor charges and fines or jail time. Types ... Based on uncontroverted evidence of the conduct described above, a jury convicted defendant of reckless endangerment in the first degree, a crime of which a person is guilty "when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person" (Penal ... Depraved indifference is a culpable mental state and "'is best understood as an utter disregard for the value of human life -a willingness to act not because one intends harm, but because one simply doesn't care whether grievous harm results or not'" (People v Feingold, 7 N.Y.3d 288, 296 [2006], quoting People v Suarez, 6 N.Y.3d 202, …A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct … indifference murder (regarding Duran) and found that he had used, possessed, or threatened to use a deadly weapon when committing that offense. For the other two counts, the jury acquitted Garcia of attempted murder but convicted him of reckless endangerment. (His conviction for reckless endangerment as to Duran was later Any adult who convinces or induces a child to commit self-harm by transitioning should be charged with RECKLESS ENDANGERMENT IN THE FIRST DEGREE, because that person clearly has a depraved indifference to human life. That includes parents and teachers. 09 Apr 2023 14:22:49Reckless Endangerment 1 st (This is a Class D Felony-criminal penalty of 3 to 7 years) (Penal Law §120.25) Legal Definition: With depraved indifference to human life, creates a grave risk of death to another. Reckless Endangerment 2 nd (This is a Class A Misdemeanor) (Penal Law §120.20)The laws would vary by State. You are guilty of Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, you recklessly engage in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person. Like Second Degree Reckless Endangerment, the First Degree offense has specifically defined ...Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree: Class D felony. According to the New York Penal Code, this charge applies when someone recklessly engages “in conduct that creates a grave risk of death to another person under circumstances which evince a depraved indifference to human life.” Reckless Endangerment in the …Many different kinds of behavior can be classified as recklessness under the law, although state rules differ. Some common examples of behavior that are considered reckless include: Texting and ...Depraved Indifference to Human Life; Grave Risk of Death; Degrees In Reckless Endengerment In New York. Reckless Endangerment is a distinct crime from most other offenses in the New York criminal code, according to New York Penal Law sections 120.20 and 120.25, as criminal defense attorneys in New York can attest.219 (1) Every one is criminally negligent who. (a) in doing anything, or. (b) in omitting to do anything that it is his duty to do, shows wanton or reckless disregard for the lives or safety of other persons. Definition of duty. (2) For the purposes of this section, duty means a duty imposed by law. R.S., c. C-34, s. 202.Prosecutors allege Monahan showed a depraved indifference to human life by firing at the SUV. ... Monahan, who has been in jail since the killing, also is charged with reckless endangerment and tampering with physical evidence. The Associated Press is an independent global news organization dedicated to factual reporting. Founded in 1846, AP ...Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree is defined as conduct that presents a genuine risk of death to another person, performed under circumstances that demonstrate a depraved indifference to human life. In other words, you acted in a way that could have gotten someone else killed, and your actions indicate you simply don’t care …The Penal Law further provides for two degrees of reckless endangerment corresponding to two levels of risk. Conduct that creates a "grave risk of death" is the higher level and is an element of reckless endangerment in the first degree, which also requires that the circumstances "evinc[e] a depraved indifference to the value of human life."Sec. 120.25 Reckless endangerment in the first degree. A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person. Reckless endangerment in the first degree is a class D felony. A ...Likewise, in People v Monserate (256 AD2d 15, 16), the First Department determined that counts of intentional murder and depraved indifference murder were properly submitted to the jury in the conjunctive, rather than in the alternative, because the "[d]efendant acted intentionally as to his intended victim, causing the death of the bystander ...Contrary to the BIA’s claims, the New York reckless endangerment statute at issue in Knapik is not analogous to Mahn’s statute of conviction. The statute we examined in Knapik provides that a “person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklesslyDepraved indifference murder — A depraved indifference murder is classed as a third-degree murder, rather than second-degree, in Minnesota and Pennsylvania. This is when the murder results from committing a reckless act that the defendant knows could cause death and is also known as negligent homicide.540K subscribers in the LawSchool community. For current and former Law School Redditors. Ask questions, seek advice, post outlines, etc. This is NOT…This refers to a person’s state of mind. A person has a depraved indifference to human life when that person has an utter disregard for the value of human life, i.e. a willingness to act, not because he or she means to cause grievous harm, but because he or she simply does not care whether or not grievous harm will result. A …§ 120.20 Reckless endangerment in the second degree. A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the second degree when he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of serious physical injury to another person. Reckless endangerment in the second degree is a class A misdemeanor.Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree: Class D felony. According to the New York Penal Code, this charge applies when someone recklessly engages “in conduct that creates a grave risk of death to another person under circumstances which evince a depraved indifference to human life.” Reckless Endangerment in the …direct infliction of injury or harm. Reckless endangerment relates to. criminal conduct governed by state. penal code. Child abuse and negle ct, on the other hand, usually relates to. civil law ...Implied malice included killings that occurred while a person was committing a felony (also called felony murder) or deaths resulting from an action that displayed a depraved indifference to human life (also called depraved heart murder). Today, malice aforethought is the mental element (or mens rea) required to prove murder in the first degree ...Assault and Reckless Endangerment. Sec. 11.41.250. Reckless endangerment. Universal Citation: AK Stat § 11.41.250 (2022) Previous Next (a) A person commits the crime of reckless endangerment if the person recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of serious physical injury to another person. (b) Reckless endangerment is a ...Reckless endangerment in the first degree: Class A misdemeanor. (a) A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, with extreme indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a risk of serious physical injury to another person. (b) Reckless endangerment in the first degree is a class A misdemeanor.(a) A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the second degree when he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a risk of physical injury to another person. (b) Reckless endangerment in the second degree is a class B misdemeanor. (1969, P.A. 828, S. 65.) Cited. 194 C. 408; 223 C. 618."What he's initially charged with - A D felony reckless endangerment -- requires a depraved indifference to human life, creating a risk that someone's going to die. Shooting into a lawn doesn't ...Anyone charged with this offense is in need of an aggressive and experienced criminal defense team. Please contact our office for a free consultation. Free Consultation - Call ( (800) 385-2243 - Silverman Thompson aggressively represents the accused against charges in Criminal & Crime cases. Reckless Endangerment - Baltimore Criminal Lawyer.N.Y. Pen. Law § 120.25. Reckless endangerment in the first degree involves engaging in conduct that creates a grave risk of death to another person under circumstances which evince a depraved indifference to human life. It is a Class D felony. N.Y. Pen. Law § 120.25.Sec. 53a-63. Reckless endangerment in the first degree: Class A misdemeanor. Sec. 53a-64. Reckless endangerment in the second degree: Class B misdemeanor. Secs. 53a-64a to 53a-64z. Reserved. Sec. 53a-64aa. Strangulation or suffocation in the first degree: Class C felony. Sec. 53a-64bb. Strangulation or suffocation in the second degree: Class D ...Other states have extreme indifference or depraved heart murder laws, and in some states acting with extreme indifference can be an aggravating factor in assault or manslaughter charges. In fact, Baltimore Police Officer Caesar R. Goodson, Jr. was charged with second degree depraved heart murder in the homicide of Freddie Gray. Goodson was ...Deliberate Indifference Law and Legal Definition. Deliberate indifference is the conscious or reckless disregard of the consequences of one's acts or omissions. It entails something more than negligence, but is satisfied by something less than acts or omissions for the very purpose of causing harm or with knowledge that harm will result.Feingold and Hafeez; (Both Sanchez and Hafeez emphasize that depraved indifference murder has a heightened degree of recklessness compared to the degree of recklessness necessary to constitute reckless manslaughter. Depraved indifference murder requires a recklessness which creates areckless killing committed "[u]nder circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life." 6. The depraved indifference murder statute in New York has remained unchanged since 1967, but cases applying this doctrine have caused considerable confusion and resulted in an ongoingDepraved indifference is conduct that creates a grave and unjustifiable risk to another potentially causing death and where the person committing such conduct is aware of the risk and utterly disregards it. The "indifference" is so reckless, so blameworthy, so deficient of moral sense that the law considers it criminally punishable.The other two possible Criminal Coronavirus Transmission charges are Reckless Endangerment in the First and Second Degrees. In New York Reckless Engagement in the Second Degree, Penal Law Section 120.20, involves reckless conduct that creates a substantial risk of serious physical injury to another person. Reckless Engagement in the First Degree, Penal Law Section 120.25, involves conduct that ...A person who recklessly engages in conduct that creates a substantial risk of serious bodily injury to another person commits reckless endangerment, which is a class 2 misdemeanor.Penal Law Section 120.25. Reckless endangerment in the first degree. A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, under circumstances evincing a …Depraved Indifference Robert K. Tanenbaum. Signet Book, $7.99 (408pp) ISBN 978--451-16842-9. The FBI, CIA and Miami crime syndicate team up to undermine a case involving cop-killing terrorists ...First-degree recklessly endangering safety is a Class F felony. The potential conviction penalties include up to 12 years, 6 months in prison and/or a fine of up to $25,000. Because it doesn't involve showing utter disregard for another person's life, second-degree recklessly endangering safety is considered a lesser offense than first …The court holds that what distinguishes depraved mind murder are a set of objective factors. 1. The statutory requirement that the homicide result from conduct evincing a depraved indifference to human life is a legislative attempt to qualitatively measure egregiously reckless conduct and to differentiate it from manslaughter.The crime of Reckless Driving is defined under Section 316.192, Florida Statutes. Under the statute, Reckless Driving consists of two factual elements: The defendant drove a motor vehicle, and. The defendant did so with a willful or wanton disregard for the safety of persons or property. Fla. Std. Jury Instr. (Crim) 28.5.Distinction from Intentional Murder. According to Penal Law § 125.25 (2), a person commits depraved indifference murder when "[u]nder circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person, and thereby causes the death of another person.". …DEPRAVED OR DEPRIVED?: COUNCIL OF TRENT AND … Deprived vs Depraved: Deciding Betwee… SUBJECT MATTER JURISDICTION - Maryland Courts 87- Villavicencio v Lukban, GR No. L-14639, March 29, 1919 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE … ASSAULT IN THE FIRST DEGREE (Depraved … RECKLESS ENDANGERMENT IN THE FIRST DEGREE (Depraved Indifference ...Introduction "[T]here is no kind of dishonesty into which otherwise good people more easily and frequently fall, than that of defrauding [the] government . . . ." The False Claims Act (FCA) is the "government's primary litigation tool for recovering losses sustained as the result of fraud" on the federal government. It principally functions as a procedural tool for […](Depraved Indifference) Penal Law § 120.25 (Committed on or after Sept. 1, 1967) (Revised December 12, 2006 1 and June 5, 2012 2) The (specify) count is Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree. Under our law, a person is guilty of Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human ...(Depraved Indifference) Penal Law § 120.10 (3) (Committed on or after Sept. 1, 1967) ... indifference to human life, that person recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person, and thereby causes serious physical injury to that person [or to a third person].3 The following terms used in that definition have ...An example of a situation where depraved indifference could be used to enhance what would otherwise be a manslaughter charge to murder is a death caused by a drunk driver. What is the penalty for depraved indifference? ... Reckless endangerment is the offense of engaging in activity that has a disregard for risks with foreseeably dangerous ...“Reckless homicide cannot be elevated into depraved indifference murder merely because the actions of the defendant created a risk of death, however grave or substantial that risk may have been ...Many different kinds of behavior can be classified as recklessness under the law, although state rules differ. Some common examples of behavior that are considered reckless include: Texting and ...As adjectives the difference between heedless and reckless. is that heedless is unaware, without noticing while reckless is careless or heedless; headstrong or rash.– Reckless Endangerment in the 1 st Degree, Penal Law Section 120.25 - You are guilty of Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, you recklessly engage in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person. #UAS201712.1-17-03. Reckless endangerment. A person is guilty of an offense if he creates a substantial risk of serious bodily injury or death to another. The offense is a class C felony if the circumstances manifest his extreme indifference to the value of human life. Otherwise it is a class A misdemeanor. There is riskAny crime involving the loss of another person's life should be taken seriously. But, manslaughter is a more serious crime than criminally negligent homicide. Manslaughter is charged as a class 4 felony in Colorado, whereas criminally negligent homicide is charged as a class 5 felony. Both of these crimes are far less serious than first ...A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person. Reckless endangerment in the first degree is a class D felony.defendant acted under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life. DEPRAVED INDIFFERENCE TO HUMAN LIFE refers to a person’s state of mind in recklessly engaging in conduct which 5 See Penal Law § 10.00 (10). 6 See Penal Law § 15.05 (3); People v Boutin, 75 NY2d 692, 696 (1990).Man Shot by New Rochelle Police Had a History of Reckless Behavior, Depraved Indifference to Human Life. ... Garris was arrested and charged with Reckless Endangerment —1st, a D Felony, Attempted Arson — 3rd, a C Felony, and Criminal Trespass—3rd, a Misdemeanor, based on a complaint filed by Angela Davis Farrish, …Fine of up to $2,500. Probation for up to three years. If the child was at risk of imminent death, you will face felony child endangerment as a Class 6 felony conviction with the following potential penalties: From four to 24 months of prison. Fine of up to $150,000. Probation for up to three years. In some cases, child endangerment charges ...The court addressed the depraved indifference murder statute in because section 120.25 of the New York Penal Law states that a person violates the endangerment statute "when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference. life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of risk to another. 1164.Assault and Reckless Endangerment. Sec. 11.41.250. Reckless endangerment. Universal Citation: AK Stat § 11.41.250 (2022) Previous Next (a) A person commits the crime of reckless endangerment if the person recklessly engages in conduct which creates a substantial risk of serious physical injury to another person. (b) Reckless endangerment is a ...Fourth (misdemeanor) offense: 60 days in jail. However, it is important to note that these punishments are separate from actual child endangerment penalties. No matter the child's age, driving while intoxicated with a child in the car can lead to either: Up to one year in a county jail for a misdemeanor; or. Up to two, four, or six years in a ...508.060 Wanton endangerment in the first degree. (1) A person is guilty of wanton endangerment in the first degree when, under circumstances manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life, he wantonly engages in conduct which creates a substantial danger of death or serious physical injury to another person.Reckless endangerment in the second degree is a class A misdemeanor. § 120.25 Reckless endangerment in the first degree. A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he. recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to. another person.Uber’s rise to prominence might have been difficult to believe even as fiction, had it not been documented at every turn by ever-more concerning reports of overreach. The quasi-leg...ScholarWorks: UB Law's Institutional RepositorySec. 120.25 Reckless endangerment in the first degree. A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person. Reckless endangerment in the first degree is a class D felony. A ...Based on uncontroverted evidence of the conduct described above, a jury convicted defendant of reckless endangerment in the first degree, a crime of which a person is guilty "when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person" (Penal ...Jay has the criminal intent of depraved heart. Jay's conduct in shooting at a tree in a public place might cause someone's death, which indicates that Jay is indifferent to whether he takes a life. This indifference is a form of implied malice, knowingly, or recklessly manifesting extreme indifference to the value of human life. Yes, this ...Reckless endangerment in the second degree is a class A misdemeanor. S 120.25 Reckless endangerment in the first degree. A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person.Anyone charged with this offense is in need of an aggressive and experienced criminal defense team. Please contact our office for a free consultation. Free Consultation - Call ( (800) 385-2243 - Silverman Thompson aggressively represents the accused against charges in Criminal & Crime cases. Reckless Endangerment - Baltimore Criminal Lawyer.[*1] Argued May 3, 2011; decided June 9, 2011. People v Lewie, 67 AD3d 1056, modified. {**17 NY3d at 353} OPINION OF THE COURT. Smith, J. A jury convicted defendant of … New York Penal Code § 120.25: Reckless endangerment in the first degree. A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person. The Law Offices of Stephen Bilkis & Associates ... ¶6 The jury convicted Garcia of attempted extreme-indifference murder as to Duran. It acquitted Garcia of the other two counts of attempted murder but convicted him of the lesser included offenses of reckless endangerment on both counts. ¶7 Garcia appealed, and a division of the court of appeals affirmed the28 Causing bodily Injury by Gunpowder. Whosoever shall unlawfully and maliciously, by the Explosion of Gunpowder or other explosive Substance, burn, maim, disfigure, disable, or do any grievous bodily Harm to any Person, shall be guilty of Felony, and being convicted thereof shall be liable, at the Discretion of the Court, to be kept in Penal ...To evince depraved indifference required for conviction of first-degree reckless endangerment, the actor's reckless conduct must be so imminently dangerous as to present a grave risk of death ...With that said, reckless driving in Oregon is typically considered a class A misdemeanor. If convicted, the penalties are as follows: Up to one year in jail. Probation or period of supervision up to 5 years. Up to $6250 in fines. License suspension- 90 days for a first-time offense and one year for a second offense within a five-year period.Legal References. Nevada Revised Statute § 202.595 defines reckless endangerment as when a person "performs any act or neglects any duty imposed by law in willful or wanton disregard of the safety of persons or property.". This is a gross misdemeanor punishable by up to 364 days in jail and fines of up to $2000.00.Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree. A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person. Reckless endangerment in the first degree is a class D felony.Reckless endangerment is a type of "endangerment" crime whereby the offender's wrongful action, conduct, or behavior is likely to expose others to a significant risk of bodily injury or even death. This type of criminal offense is designed to prohibit reckless or wanton conduct exposing others to serious injury. Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree is a New York law that provides harsh punishment for those who put another at grave risk of death while acting with depraved indifference to human life. Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree is a Class D felony. The Elements of Reckless Endangerment in the First Degree [1]), reckless endangerment in the first degree (§ 120.25), grand larceny in the fourth degree (§ 155.30 [8]), criminal possession of stolen property in the fourth degree (§ 165.45 [5]), and two counts of tampering with physical evidence (§ 215.40 [2]). Defendant's conviction stems from his conduct in stabbing the victim 46 times in

120.25 Reckless endangerment in the first degree. A person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person.. Houston chronicle obituaries houston texas

depraved indifference vs reckless endangerment

He was charged with first-degree reckless endangerment pursuant to Penal Law § 120.25, which provides that a person violates the statute "when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person."Section 12.1-17-03 - Reckless endangerment. A person is guilty of an offense if he creates a substantial risk of serious bodily injury or death to another. The offense is a class C felony if the circumstances manifest his extreme indifference to the value of human life. Otherwise it is a class A misdemeanor.There are three different reckless endangerment charges. One is a felony and the other two are misdemeanors. What is reckless endangerment examples? reckless endangerment n Examples can include driving carelessly, car accidents, workplace accidents, child abuse, hospital abuse, etc. Note: Reckless endangerment is a …The only way to get your hands on the Reckless Endangerment shotgun is by reaching Rank 16 in the Crucible, Vanguard, or Gambit playlists. This task is largely a personal choice, so choose ...Baldner, 44, is charged with second-degree murder, manslaughter, and six counts of reckless endangerment, all felonies, in connection with a fatal crash on the New York State Thruway in the town ...The jury acquitted Moreau man Justin Rodriguez of depraved indifference murder and reckless endangerment, the prosecutors said.Under Penal Law 120.25, a person is guilty of reckless endangerment in the first degree when, under circumstances evincing a depraved indifference to human life, he [or she] recklessly engages in conduct which creates a grave risk of death to another person. Thus, the prosecution was not required to prove that defendant used both weapons under ...Mr. Blatti was arrested in April 2019 and was charged with criminal sale of a prescription for a controlled substance, forgery and reckless endangerment, among other charges. In June 2019, he ...reckless indifference to human life, or. in an attempt to commit, or during or immediately after the commission of, an offence punishable by at least 25 years imprisonment. This is known as 'constructive murder' and is also sometimes referred to as 'felony murder'. 'Reckless indifference to human life' is the doing of an act with the foresight ...Robert K. Tanenbaum is the New York Times bestselling author of twenty-five legal thrillers and has an accomplished legal career of his own. Before his first book was published, Tanenbaum had already been the Bureau Chief of the Criminal Courts, had run the Homicide Bureau, and had been in charge of the training program for the legal staff for the New York County District Attorney's Office.Protect yourself both in and outside the court of law. Let the criminal defense attorneys and former Manhattan prosecutors put their advocacy, experience and knowledge to use. Start your best defense today. Call us at (212) 312-7129 or contact us online today to discuss your case and possible defenses. Free Consultation - Call (212) 312-7129 ...Blatti, 75, was previously arrested in 2019 and arraigned Thursday on the new depraved indifference murder counts as well as reckless endangerment counts. He pleaded not guilty and surrendered to ...Discharges a firearm from a motor vehicle in a way that creates a substantial risk of serious injury or death. Any person who violates Section 3-204 is guilty of the misdemeanor of reckless endangerment. If convicted, the maximum sentence includes five years in prison and up to $5,000 in criminal fines. Assault in the Second Degree.Rather, if other crimes are committed with reckless indifference or in a way that exhibits reckless endangerment, it is a factor that can qualify the crime for more severe criminal punishment. For example, California does not have a specific crime called “reckless endangerment”, but punishment is enhanced for perpetrators who act …At the plea hearing, defendant stipulated to facts sufficient to support a finding of guilt on each of the reckless endangerment counts. Before sentencing, defendant moved the court to merge all five guilty verdicts on the reckless endangerment counts. He asserted that the indictment was inadequate to establish that each count had a separate ...Prosecutors originally charged Koch with first-degree reckless endangerment, a felony, implying that Koch had a “depraved indifference to human life” and “created a grave risk of death to another person,” according to a criminal complaint. In June, the DA’s office dropped that charge to second-degree reckless endangerment, a ....

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