Feb 18, 2022 ... The development of small bumps after shaving is fairly common, and in most cases, is not a cause for concern. These bumps are usually ingrown ...Many people get these bumps after waxing, but the good news is that they can be fixed and stopped, making the process smoother and more comfortable. Find out more about …6 years ago. Asked for Female, 21 Years. I've been doing waxing since 3-4 years . Everytime after I do waxing a week later a get these small bumps all over my hands , it is may be because of ingrowths or the hair follicles which are growing appear as small bumps I don't know . But these will disappear on their own when the hair grows back.Bathing after a Brazilian wax Wash your skin with a mild soap afterward to remove any extra wax. Avoid showers and baths for the next 24 hours to give your skin time to heal.Choosing a Waxing Kit - Choosing a waxing kit that's right for you is important. Visit HowStuffWorks to learn about choosing a waxing kit. Advertisement Some women may feel more co...Apr 7, 2024 ... Rash. You're less likely to get a rash after you wax than you would after a shave, but it can happen. Bumps and redness can appear in ...Benefits of Waxing Your Legs - The benefits of waxing your legs are numerous. Visit HowStuffWorks to learn the benefits of waxing your legs. Advertisement If you can tolerate a lit...A Sphinx wax is a process of hair removal using warm wax, specifically from the bikini line, which is the area of pubic hair visible while wearing a bikini. It is more commonly kno...Rub a mixed tea tree oil and lavender oil formula over the waxed skin to avoid irritation and white bumps after Brazilian wax. Wear loose-fitting clothes for a …Soothe Your Skin After Waxing. After removing hair and removing wax residue, apply an after-wax cooling product like the long-time-favorite GiGi After Wax Cooling Gel, ($8,) or an aloe based gel meant to help soothe skin and subdue the redness and inflammation. Shokeen adds, "Use aloe vera gel, witch hazel (make sure you do not …Even though the hair starts to grow again after waxing, you won’t notice it until after a few weeks until it finally pops out from the skin’s surface. ... White Pus Bumps After Brazilian Wax: How To Fix Them. How To Get Wax Off Skin: 5 Tips to Remove Wax From Your Skin. Brazilian Waxing Etiquette: A Guide to Feeling Comfortable at the …6 years ago. Asked for Female, 21 Years. I've been doing waxing since 3-4 years . Everytime after I do waxing a week later a get these small bumps all over my hands , it is may be because of ingrowths or the hair follicles which are growing appear as small bumps I don't know . But these will disappear on their own when the hair grows back.Benefits of Waxing Your Legs - The benefits of waxing your legs are numerous. Visit HowStuffWorks to learn the benefits of waxing your legs. Advertisement If you can tolerate a lit...After Waxing: Use Post-Wax Lotion, which soothes and hydrates the skin. Avoid Touching: Keep hands away from the waxed area to prevent bacteria transfer. Wear Loose Clothing: Wear loose clothing to avoid irritation and let the skin breathe. Exfoliate: After 24-48 hours, gently exfoliate to prevent ingrown hairs.I have red bumps after waxing all over my chest 1st time waxing How to avoid pimples after waxing upper lip SHAVING VAGINA- 3 TOPICS. Vitamin E Oil, Irritation and butt hairs. Waxing Vagina. Red blisters What do I need to know before getting a Brazilian Wax? I have red bumps all over my chest after waxing for the 1st time4.7. BUY ON AMAZON | $18.99. The CeraVe Moisturizing Cream is a deeply moisturizing and hydrating cream that is more than capable of repairing the dryness caused due to waxing. This hydrating moisturizer for post-Brazilian wax is formulated with 3 essential ceramides that enhance the protective barrier of your skin.Dec 5, 2020 · No 4 – Coconut Oil for Bumps After Waxing. Benefits of this remedy. If you want to get rid of bumps after waxing, with no second thoughts, give yourself a good coconut oil massage before and after waxing. And If you want to prevent bumps, you can apply coconut oil and improve moisture levels on your skin. Also If your bumps have attacked your ... 01 of 11. Exfoliate Before Your Wax. It might seem like a paradox, but one of the most important pieces of Brazilian and bikini wax aftercare starts prior to the service. The bikini area is notorious for …Jul 31, 2022 · Most common after waxing folliculitis: Bacterial folliculitis. This common type many times can be associated with itchy, white pus bumps after Brazilian wax. It occurs when hair follicles become infected with bacteria. Staph can be a big culprit in bacterial folliculitis. Staph lives on all of us. This is the most common infection after waxing. Treatments include: Cool down: Try cooling down and allowing your skin to breathe if you notice a heat rash. Remove tight clothing and any bandages or patches. Apply a cool compress to the ...To prevent pimples after waxing, follow these steps: Cleanse Skin: Before waxing, cleanse your skin to remove oil and bacteria. Use Pre-Waxing Oil: Apply a light pre-waxing oil to protect the skin. Choose the Right Wax: Use a high-quality wax like Nova Wax that is gentle for all skin types. After Waxing: Use Post-Wax Lotion, which soothes …If white or fluid-filled bumps persist for more than a few days, it's possible that folliculitis is the result of a mild infection. To avoid post-wax bumps it’s certainly important to …Tight-fitting material can irritate your skin even more. Use cold water or ice to cool the bumpy areas. Use warm water to help eliminate internally growing hairs. Do not press or scratch the bumps. Scratching the pimples can lead to bacterial infections. How to Prevent Waxing Pimples in Genitals.26 yrs old Female asked about Rashes on back after waxing, 1 doctor answered this and 124 people found it useful. Get your query answered 24*7 only on | Practo Consult ... White bumps after waxing ... 4055 Views I did a Brazilian wax by myself at home four days ago. I didn't feel anything at that day or the second d ... Read More. Black scar ...Carefully: A shave (following the direction of hair growth) prior to waxing may help. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Waxing bumps: A steroid cream might be applied to decrease inflammation. Exfoliation may be recommended to remove dead skin cells with retinoids.After getting waxed, it's common for some people to experience bumps. Here, three experts share their tips for a smooth waxing experience. From what to put …She uses two types of wax (mostly soft wax with strips, around the more "delicate" areas she uses a hard pull-off wax). At the end the last 15 or so minutes are her going back over with tweezer and a little lancet thing and gently getting rid of any ingrowns she can see that have already developed and getting rid of any hairs that broke off ...By Staff WriterLast Updated December 04, 2023. If white bumps occur after getting a Brazilian wax, treat them with a mild cortisone cream and antibiotic cream, as stated by WaxIt.com. These creams will reduce redness, inflammation and kill the bacteria growing in the follicles. After a waxing, red bumps are prone to appear around the …She uses two types of wax (mostly soft wax with strips, around the more "delicate" areas she uses a hard pull-off wax). At the end the last 15 or so minutes are her going back over with tweezer and a little lancet thing and gently getting rid of any ingrowns she can see that have already developed and getting rid of any hairs that broke off ...Jul 15, 2023 · 1. Use a Cold Compress. To protect yourself from redness, you can create a cold compress to relax the skin. Combine ice, milk, and water in a bowl. Place a clean cloth on the mixture and apply it to the affected area for a few minutes. After waxing, inflammation on your skin feels like a sunburn. The bottom line. Regrowth rates after waxing depend on many factors, so there’s no set answer for how long a Brazilian wax lasts. Exfoliating gently, avoiding products that can cause irritation ...Oct 27, 2021 ... In most cases, a vajacial treatment is suggested the week after your Brazilian wax to help prevent any ingrown hair. The word “vajacial” is a ...After undergoing a Brazilian wax, achieving silky smooth skin is the ultimate goal. However, sometimes bumps can appear, causing frustration and discomfort. Don’t worry, we’ve got you covered!Loft, a Brazilian proptech unicorn, has let go of 380 employees in its second round of layoffs this year. Image Credits: Loft Loft, a Brazilian proptech unicorn, has laid off about...Yes, this is very common and is a normal histamine response. They can be annoying, but most will disappear after a few days. Be assured these little white bumps after waxing your face can be filtered out from our selfies 😉. A pimple after waxing generally shows up on the face but they could occur on any of the areas you’ve waxed.This will be more of a issue after your first Brazilian wax. If you get waxed on a regular basses irritation will be less likely. NO heavy exercising for at least 12 - 24 hours. Rubbing and perspiration can cause irritation. If you exercise, perspiration will enter the open hair follicle and irritate the area.Your laptop or desktop should be cleaned frequently to keep it in good condition and maintain a clean, new appearance. Computer screens can easily attract dust, dirt and also wax. ...9:23. You are only $75.00 away from free US shipping! So you've had a waxing session, looking forward to flaunting your freshly waxed skin. But wait, what's this? Instead of smooth skin, you're dealing with a slew of tiny bumps after waxing, making you feel like a teen struggling with acne breakouts all over again. Your dream of hair free skin ...Aug 26, 2023 · Ingrown Hairs. One of the common causes of itchiness after a Brazilian wax is the development of ingrown hairs. Ingrown hairs occur when the hair follicles become clogged or when the hair grows back improperly. This can lead to redness, small bumps, and itchiness in the waxed area. Not only is physical exfoliation not great but also sugar will give you a yeast infection. This is super normal and is just from the exfoliation of the waxing. Wait a few days and be gentle with it. If they really get bad I would very gently use a SA body wash only on the top part away from any sensitive skin. 4. The white and pus-filled pimple-like bumps that you can get after having a Brazilian wax is a skin condition known as folliculitis. This is a kind of rash that’s caused by inflammation of the skin, which is a common reaction to the trauma your skin feels after having hair pulled from it. This means that it should come as … See moreTo prevent waxing bumps, exfoliate before the session, apply a hot compress, ensure cleanliness at the salon, and avoid waxing during your menstrual cycle. Communicate sensitivities to your beautician and use gentler wax. If bumps occur, avoid scrubbing, use a damp cloth with coconut oil, apply a cooling astringent, use topical …Jun 15, 2022 · These little raised white bumps are mostly caused by our body's natural response to waxing “trauma.” Yes, waxing does “sometimes” cause trauma or a reaction. This is very normal; the hair follicle responds to the stress of the hair being removed – which then results in stress to the skin. These little white bumps from waxing should ... Just mix a teaspoon of baking soda with water and apply it on the bikini area. Step 3 : Use sterilized tweezers and needle to remove an ingrown hair. Using the needle, encourage the tip of the hair to come out to the surface. Once the tip is out, carefully pluck the end of the hair using the tweezers.Jun 6, 2023 · With exfoliating and moisturizing ingredients, preventing ingrowns is much easier than tackling the redness and bumps later on. Try products like Bliss Bump Attendant Pads ($22) and Tend Skin Ingrown Hair Solution ($24). Apply the product 48 hours after removing the hair at a cadence of once per day, or according to the product's directions. If white bumps occur after getting a Brazilian wax, treat them with a mild cortisone cream and antibiotic cream, as stated by WaxIt.com. These creams will reduce redness, inflammat...Aug 16, 2017 · Take some pure aloe vera gel or squeeze aloe vera gel from an aloe vera leaf. Gently massage into the waxed area after waxing. Apply 2-3 times a day to help relieve any irritation in your skin and prevent bumps and infections. Continue applying until you have silky smooth skin with no signs of redness. Choosing a Waxing Kit - Choosing a waxing kit that's right for you is important. Visit HowStuffWorks to learn about choosing a waxing kit. Advertisement Some women may feel more co...We advise waiting at least 24 hours before working out after a Brazilian wax if you want to keep your skin looking and feeling smooth and healthy. Try scheduling your “down-time days” around the time of your next waxing appointment. Waiting 36–48 hours is even more ideal.Dermatologist Dr Dray on how to prevent side effects from waxing the hair. How to prevent redness, bumps, breakouts, ingrown hairs, burns, sores, and hyperp...Treatments include: Cool down: Try cooling down and allowing your skin to breathe if you notice a heat rash. Remove tight clothing and any bandages or patches. Apply a cool compress to the ...A Brazilian wax can be very painful, especially if it is your first time. However, as you go through the succeeding sessions, you will hopefully find that it gets easier over time. That may be due to a variety of factors such as the hair removed, how you’ve prepared for the Brazilian waxing session, plus your perception of pain.If white or fluid-filled bumps persist for more than a few days, it's possible that folliculitis is the result of a mild infection. To avoid post-wax bumps it’s certainly important to …A Brazilian wax can be very painful, especially if it is your first time. However, as you go through the succeeding sessions, you will hopefully find that it gets easier over time. That may be due to a variety of factors such as the hair removed, how you’ve prepared for the Brazilian waxing session, plus your perception of pain.However, after the first wax, it all went downhill. I get ingrown hairs like crazy and red patches/bumps. It looks like I have acne...down there! My hair is now about 3/4in-1in + down there right now, and I am still dealing with ingrowns from the last wax. It's really embarrassing.Apply aloe vera gel or tea tree oil to the affected area regularly. Next time you wax this area, you may want to try applying oil to the area first (Anita aka huberella is very knowledgable on the subject of pre-wax oiling) so the wax doesn't adhere to the skin, only to the hair, when applied. Hope this helps. J.Their economy may have slowed and inflation may be rising, but that hasn’t deterred Brazilians from buying. Retail sales rose last month for the sixth time in a row, and were up 8....Yes this is very common after waxing. This is due too irritation of the hair follicles. Please send photos using online consult option for proper examination diagnosis and treatment ... Read More. Got bumps on chin after waxing, pimples on chest , red tiny pimples. Bumps are never gone since I started waxing on face.You can pretty much wax anything, but what should you wake before you wedding? Learn about waxing for your weddings. Advertisement The weeks leading up to a bride's big day are bus...Mar 15, 2023 · Histamine reactions occur when the hair follicles are shocked during the hair removal process, which causes a rash after the wax is removed. This exfoliation can irritate sensitive skin and cause symptoms including prolonged redness, hives, sneezing, or red bumps. If you think the reaction you’re having to waxing is a histamine reaction, you ... This can cause red, itchy, and irritated bumps on the skin. Ingredients like fragrances, dyes, or preservatives might be the culprits behind these reactions, especially if you have sensitive skin. 5. Poor aftercare. Not taking proper care of your skin after waxing can also contribute to the formation of bumps and pimples.Bathing after a Brazilian wax Wash your skin with a mild soap afterward to remove any extra wax. Avoid showers and baths for the next 24 hours to give your skin time to heal.Whiteheads are small, white, raised bumps on the skin. They form when oil and skin collect in the pores. Whiteheads are also known as closed comedones and pimples. They are one typ... Not only is physical exfoliation not great but also sugar will give you a yeast infection. This is super normal and is just from the exfoliation of the waxing. Wait a few days and be gentle with it. If they really get bad I would very gently use a SA body wash only on the top part away from any sensitive skin. 4. As the skin heals, maintenance is crucial: Exfoliation: Starting 48 hours after waxing, I gently exfoliate the area 2-3 times a week, which prevents ingrown hairs. Moisturize: I …Apr 10, 2018 · 4. Coconut Oil – This is one of the best remedies which will help you get rid of bumps after waxing. Applying coconut oil over the bumps moisturizes the skin too! 5. Apple Cider Vinegar – From its benefits in weight loss to hair fall reduction to dropping cholesterol levels, it is quite helpful for the body. To avoid ingrown hair, you must know that preparation of the skin by washing and exfoliation is essential to remove dead skin cells. To avoid the blunt edge of hair, use the right technique to remove the wax. To dodge bumps after waxing the face, use a cold compress. It subsides the redness and helps in closing open pores.After a Brazilian wax, it is common for some people to experience white bumps or pimples in the waxed area. These bumps can be a sign of a few different things, including ingrown hairs, folliculitis, or an allergic reaction. Ingrown hairs occur when the hair follicle becomes blocked and the hair grows back into the skin instead of out of it.The sale would put a dizzying array of America's classic, and somewhat outdated, food brands into the hands of a firm known as Brazil's "buyout kings." Brazilian private equity fir...Apply a Cool Compress. Using an ice pack or a clean washcloth soaked in cold water, apply your chosen cold compress to help soothe the affected area. Let it sit on the skin for 10-20 minutes until the irritation subsides. If you’ve got an ingrown hair, use a warm compress instead to help draw the unwanted hair out.Aug 26, 2023 · Ingrown Hairs. One of the common causes of itchiness after a Brazilian wax is the development of ingrown hairs. Ingrown hairs occur when the hair follicles become clogged or when the hair grows back improperly. This can lead to redness, small bumps, and itchiness in the waxed area. A minor infection could cause folliculitis if you have a white or fluid-filled breakout after the wax. Ingrown hairs could cause post-facial waxing bumps once the initial discomfort has subsided. ... Although popping bumps after waxing may be tempting, doing so will just worsen the region! After your procedure, avoid touching any newly …Aug 16, 2017 · Take some pure aloe vera gel or squeeze aloe vera gel from an aloe vera leaf. Gently massage into the waxed area after waxing. Apply 2-3 times a day to help relieve any irritation in your skin and prevent bumps and infections. Continue applying until you have silky smooth skin with no signs of redness. Apply witch hazel. Immediately after waxing, dip cotton ball in witch hazel and rub it on the waxed area. It contains antiseptic properties that limit further appearance of the bumps. Take a warm shower. In the next 3 to 4 days after waxing, it is advisable that you take warm showers. Apply moisturizer.1 Red & White Bumps After A Brazilian Wax: What Causes Them? 1.1 Contact Dermatitis; 1.2 Folliculitis; 1.3 Ingrown Hair; 2 How To Prevent Bumps After …1 Red & White Bumps After A Brazilian Wax: What Causes Them? 1.1 Contact Dermatitis; 1.2 Folliculitis; 1.3 Ingrown Hair; 2 How To Prevent Bumps After …However, after the first wax, it all went downhill. I get ingrown hairs like crazy and red patches/bumps. It looks like I have acne...down there! My hair is now about 3/4in-1in + down there right now, and I am still dealing with ingrowns from the last wax. It's really embarrassing.Jul 22, 2023 · That also means that as you go for more Brazilian waxing sessions, you are less likely to bleed. Yes, Brazilian waxing does get easier over time. Although bleeding is more common for those who are getting a Brazilian wax for the first time, it is still possible repeat clients will get some bleeding. And some first-timers may not bleed at all. Skin Concerns. I always get little red bumps all over my bikini line right after a wax. About half of these will turn white within the next day or two. As far as I know, this is folliculitis. What would you guys recommend? Things I have heard most: Diluted ACV, Hibiclens, Tea tree oil, Witch hazel, Aloe vera (which I already use before bed) I ...Answers ( 1) Dr. Manoj Agarwala. Dermatologist 16 yrs exp Raipur. Based on your description it looks like a wax folliculitis which is a common condition. Sometimes they co-exist with fungal folliculitis and can be determined with more precision during a consultation. Kindly consult a dermatologist for exact diagnosis and treatment plan.May 27, 2015 ... How to get rid of small bumps, pimples after waxing and threading ... HOW TO WAX ... कितने भी मुश्किल *TINY BUMPS* सफ़ेद छोटे दाने WHITE BUMPS, ...3. Apply Ice. Not only can ice be used to help with pain relief before your wax, but it can also help temporarily soothe your recently waxed skin, too. After you wax, apply a cold compress to the area on and off for a few minutes. This will help provide the sensitive area with a welcomed cooling sensation. 4.Life isn’t easy in Brazil these days—just ask Brazilians. The country’s consumer confidence index, which measures how optimistic people are about the economy and state of their own...Apply fucibet for 2 days and from now onwards don't go for Waxing as its painful , causes burn , hard hair and allergic reactions and at times scars and hair bulb infection. Nowadays painfree laser hair reduction procedures are done after which you would be hair free for a very very long time . Studies have shown hair free period for atleast 15 ...Dermatology 73 years experience. Brazilian waxing: This waxing problem is very common and it is probably a folliculitis (inflammation of hair follicles) due to plugging up of these follicles. Warm com... Read More. Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Learn how we can help. 5.9k views Reviewed >2 years ago.Apply fucibet for 2 days and from now onwards don't go for Waxing as its painful , causes burn , hard hair and allergic reactions and at times scars and hair bulb infection. Nowadays painfree laser hair reduction procedures are done after which you would be hair free for a very very long time . Studies have shown hair free period for atleast 15 ...Moisturize daily: Keeping the skin well-hydrated can improve its resilience and reduce the risk of irritation. Apply a moisturizer to the waxed area daily, opting for fragrance-free and non-comedogenic formulas. Avoid tight clothing: Wearing tight clothing immediately after a wax can increase friction and irritation.Cleaning the skin will remove dirt, oil, bacteria that can create issues post wax. Immediately after the wax, your Esthetician should apply a soothing serum. Additionally, we like to add in a high frequency treatment. The high frequency is our favorite trick at Urban Waxx! The wand looks scary, but it’s totally painless.
In this video i will share how to treat pimples and small bumps after waxing and threading which is a common issue for so many girls.. and this is 100 percen.... Mcdonald's sandusky ohio
Avoid shaving or waxing over inflamed skin. If you have folliculitis, wait until the inflammation has gone down before shaving or waxing the area again. Opt for laser hair removal if waxing or shaving continuously proves to be an issue. Use a sharp razor when shaving. A dull razor can irritate the skin and increase your risk of folliculitis.White bumps on the elbow can be caused by a variety of skin conditions, including contact dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis and dry skin, according to Healthgrades. Allergic reactions ...People who get bikini waxes may get razor bumps in the groin area. Pityrosporum (pit-ih-ROS-puh-rum) folliculitis. This type is a rash of itchy, pus-filled bumps, most often on the back and chest. It's caused by a yeast infection. Gram-negative folliculitis. This type causes pus-filled bumps around the nose and mouth.What if I get red or white bumps? If you are prone to hives after waxing, you may treat the area with 1% hydrocortisone or aloe vera gel. The swelling normally goes away within 30 mins after waxing for most people. Breakouts or white bumps can be treated with tea tree oil or 1% hydrocortisone for 3-5 days.Ingrown hair happens especially after shaving because the end of the hair is sharp. When the hair grows, the sharp end can re-enter the skin instead of growing upward. Although waxing remove hair from below the surface of the skin, the hair can curl back on itself as it grows. More prominent for Brazilian waxing as our pubes down there is curly.The most common causes of bumps after a Brazilian wax. Generally, following a wax appointment, there are three main culprits that could be contributing to …There are several types of histamine reactions. A histamine reaction to waxing could materialize as the following: Prolonged redness after waxing. Hives. Sneezing (very common for eyebrow and facial waxing) Red bumps after waxing. READ: 5 Tips for How to Wax Sensitive Skin.If you’ve been getting little red bumps, whiteheads, or pimple -like bumps after waxing, it might not actually be acne. It might be folliculitis, a skin condition that …Cleaning the skin will remove dirt, oil, bacteria that can create issues post wax. Immediately after the wax, your Esthetician should apply a soothing serum. Additionally, we like to add in a high frequency treatment. The high frequency is our favorite trick at Urban Waxx! The wand looks scary, but it’s totally painless.I just got my first brazilian wax after only ever shaving. It's been about 18 hours since then, and I still have a ridiculously large amount of very visible little red dots all over from where the waxing was. Its very irritated and anytime the skin brushes against anything it's uncomfortable/slightly painful. The area is also significantly warm ...8. Moisturize After Exfoliating: After exfoliating, moisturize the waxed area with a gentle, hydrating lotion or oil. This helps keep the skin hydrated and reduces dryness, which can contribute to ingrown hairs. Remember, regular and gentle exfoliation is a key step in preventing ingrown hairs after a Brazilian wax.Jul 3, 2023 · White pimples after waxing can be caused by contact dermatitis, folliculitis, or ingrown hairs. To treat white pimples after waxing, apply a cold compress to soothe inflammation and reduce redness. Use aloe vera gel to moisturize and alleviate irritation while gently exfoliating the affected area. To avoid ingrown hair, you must know that preparation of the skin by washing and exfoliation is essential to remove dead skin cells. To avoid the blunt edge of hair, use the right technique to remove the wax. To dodge bumps after waxing the face, use a cold compress. It subsides the redness and helps in closing open pores.Apply witch hazel. Immediately after waxing, dip cotton ball in witch hazel and rub it on the waxed area. It contains antiseptic properties that limit further appearance of the bumps. Take a warm shower. In the next 3 to 4 days after waxing, it is advisable that you take warm showers. Apply moisturizer. Yes this is very common after waxing. This is due too irritation of the hair follicles. Please send photos using online consult option for proper examination diagnosis and treatment ... Read More. Got bumps on chin after waxing, pimples on chest , red tiny pimples. Bumps are never gone since I started waxing on face. To avoid ingrown hair, you must know that preparation of the skin by washing and exfoliation is essential to remove dead skin cells. To avoid the blunt edge of hair, use the right technique to remove the wax. To dodge bumps after waxing the face, use a cold compress. It subsides the redness and helps in closing open pores..